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write the addsubtract rule for floating point numbersans a select the number with the smaller exponent and shift its mantissa right a number of steps
describe the advantage of using booth algorithmans a it achieves efficiency in the number of additions needed when the multiplier has a few large
explain bit pair recoding with an exampleans bit pair recoding halves the maximum number of summands group the booth-recoded multiplier bits in pairs
describe carry look-ahead adderans the input carry required by a stage is directly computed from carry signals obtained from all of the preceding
describe queueans it is a type of data structure in which the data are stored in and retrieved on a first in first out fifo basis it grows in the
what are assembler directivesans these are the instructions that direct the program to be executed they have no binary corresponding so they are
described auto increment mode of addressingans effective address of the operand is the contents of a register mention in the instructionafter
described different types of addressing modes availableans the various types of addressing modes available are following register addressing
explain big - endian and little- endian representationsans the big- endian is used where lower byte addresses are used for the more significant bytes
what techniques are used to increase the clock rate rans the 2 techniques used to increase the clock rate r are1 we can reduce the amount of
describe the concept of pipeliningans pipelining is the means of executing machine instructions concurrently this is the effective way of organizing
explain the basic performance equationans the basic performance equation is followingt n s rt gt it is processor time required to execute a
multiprogramming or multitaskingans the os manages the concurrent execution of many application programs to make best possible use of computer
use of instruction register and program counterq what is the use of instruction register ir and program counter pcans the instruction register ir
fundamental functional units of a computerque what are the fundamental functional units of a computerans a computer consists of 5 functionally
data packetsa data packet consists of the pid which is followed a 16-bit crc and by 0-1023 bytes of data payload up to 1024 in high speed and at most
token packets in universal serial bus - computer architecturetoken packets consist of a pid byte followed by two payload bytes a 5-bit crc and 11
handshake packetshandshake packets consist of nothing but a pid byte and are usually sent in response to data packets the 3 basic types are nak
signaling - universal serial bususb supports following signaling rateso a low speed rate of 15 mbits is defined by usb 10 this is so much
ending transactionseither side may request that a burst end after the present data phase simple pci component that do not support multi-word bursts
data phasesafter the address phase particularly starting with the cycle that devsel goes low comes a burst of one or more data phases in all the
address phasea pci bus transaction starts having an address phase the initiator after seeing that it has gnt and the bus is inactive drives the
pci bus transactionspci bus traffic is prepared of a series of pci bus transactions each transaction is build up of an address phase that is followed
common functions of interruptsan interrupt transfers control to the interrupt service routine generally through the interrupt vector table which
post interrupts - computer architecturepost interrupts exact interrupts examine interrupt bit on entering wb longer latencyhandle immediately