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types of biogeochemical cyclesthere are two basic types of biogeochemical cycles gaseous and sedimentary in the gaseous type of biogeochemical cycle
biogeochemical cycling - nutrient cyclesthe energy flows through ecosystems enabling the organisms to perform various kinds of work and is ultimately
nutrient cyclesall ecosystems have certain common basic features of structure and function they all have living and non-living components through
ecosystem balancewe take up another parameter of ecosystem balance one factor that affects the stability or persistence of some ecosystems under
ecosystem controlanother important aspect of ecosystem functioning that is how it maintains its ecological balance by now it must be obvious to you
auxiliary food chainsin addition to grazing and detritus food chains there are other auxiliary food chains operated through parasites and scavengers
detritus food chainsdetritus food chains begin with dead organic matter which is an important source of energy a large amount of organic matter is
grazing food chain - food chaingrazing food chains are quite familiar to most of us cow or deer grazing in a field represent a grazing food chain
food chain - ecosystemin a food chain the food energy is transformed from a given source through a series of species each of which eats the one
energy loss - energy flowlet us now take the second point that is the loss of some energy at each trophic level you might recall that the second law
direction of energy flownow let us consider the first point that is the direction of flow of energy energy flows from lower producer to higher
energy flow - ecosystemour world is a solar-powered system and green plants are the entry gates of energy into ecosystem the total incoming solar
secondary production - ecosystem the net primary production is the only energy available to consumers or heterotrophs including man herbivores such
production efficiency - ecosystemthe maximum amount of solar energy harvested by plants is about 5 per cent but the average for green plants on the
primary production - ecosystemenergy accumulated by plants during photosynthesis is called production or more specifically primary production it is
concept of production - ecosystemsthe ecosystems are unable to function unless there is a constant input of energy from an external source that is
energy input in ecosystemsurvival and functioning of ecosystem is dependent on the input of energy continuous availability of energy is essential for
limitations of ecological pyramids the pyramid of energy is a significant improvement over the previous two types of ecological pyramids yet all of
advantages of pyramid of energya pyramid of energy must be based on determination of the actual amounts of energy that individuals take in how much
ecological pyramids - ecosystemthe ancient egyptians constructed elaborate tombs called pyramids the base of the pyramid is broad and it supports the
limiting factor - ecosystemin all ecosystems one factor usually abiotic limits the growth of organisms and is therefore called a limiting factor the
decomposers - biotic componentsalso known as saprotrophs mostly these are microscopic and are heterotrophic in nature decomposer organisms obtain
secondary and tertiary consumers - biotic componentsbesides there are animals which depend on herbivores for food and are called secondary consumers
consumers - biotic components these are also called as phagotrophs or heterotrophs the organisms grouped under this category cannot manufacture their
organic substances - abiotic componentsthese include carbohydrates proteins lipids and their derivatives which are derived from the waste products of