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ecology and ecosystemthe concepts of environment ecology ecosystem energy flow and nutrient cycling in the foundation course on science and
sqls fifth concept - null unfortunately sql embraces a fifth concept called null an apparently simple little thing but one that has pervasive effects
updating by deletiondelete from enrolment where studentid sid s4as you can see this differs from example by the addition of the noise word from the
programmes directed towards the common crop plantsthese programmes can be directed towards incorporating the following traits among common crop
types of mechanism - stress conditionplants have evolved a variety of mechanisms to withstand stress conditions in many cases we can precisely define
induction of defensive barriers in plants several polymers deposited near surface of plants form an effective barrier against invasion or stress
protection of plants against toxic substancesplants produce several toxic substances themselves and may also encounter the ones produced by other
response to woundingwounding of tomato plants by mechanical injury or chewing by insects releases a factor that triggers accumulation of two
induction of disease resistance in plants by heat-shockthe fungus cladosporium cucumerinum infects cucumber and causes disease in the plant however
production of substances interfering with virus proliferationin some cases plants are known to synthesise chemicals that inhibit crucial functions of
induction of antimicrobial substances phytoalexins are antimicrobial substances produced by plants in response to pathogen they accumulate at the
ethylene production - responses to infectionethylene is also induced in response to infection it is also known to be produced under other stress
induction of hydrolases - responses to infectionplants do respond to attack by pathogens to restrict their spread the cells synthesise and secrete
response to floodingprolonged flooding or water-logging creates anaerobic conditions for the sub-surface parts of the plant and synthesis of alcohol
cold hardiness and cold acclimationin connection with cold response we would like to introduce two terms- cold hardiness and cold acclimation
types of stress caused by freezingthus freezing can cause the following kinds of stresses lowering of temperature to suboptimum thus reducing the
response to cold - responses of plants to stresslet us first see what happen to a plant when it is exposed to a cold climate with temperatures below
heat-shock responsewhen growing plantlets or tissues of plants are shifted to 42degc and above the synthesis of normal proteins rapidly declines and
response to heavy metal stress several heavy metals emanating from industrial mining and sewage disposal operations contaminate the environment
osmotic adjustment or osmoregulation - osmotic stressif concentration of soluble matter in the form of minerals and small organic molecules builds up
light stress in chloroplastsas mentioned earlier very high light intensity can inhibit photosynthesis due to accumulation of excess of excitation
photosynthesis - responses of plants to stressphotosynthesis is also inhibited due to low water potential in the leaves the leaf water potential is
water stress - responses of plants to stresswater stress in a plant can result from drought excess salinity in the soil and very low or high
plant responses to specific stress conditionsby now you must have developed a feeling that plants are organised to function optimally under a set of
use of alternate metabolic pathwaysplants surviving under water-logged conditions offer the simplest example of such a response the submerged parts