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herbage area or vegetation coverherbage area or vegetation cover is an important aspect of vegetation study in understanding the nature of a
quantitative characters - population densitydensity denotes the average number of individuals of a particular species in a unit area in other words
sociability gregariousnesssociability refers to the nature of grouping of individual plants that is whether they grow singly in patches in colonies
therophytes - classes of life formthese are annual plants of the summer season or of the favourable season they complete their life cycles in a
hemicryptophytes - classes of life formin this case the perennating buds or organs are situated at the soil surface where they are protected by soil
life forms - qualitative charactersthe form and structure of terrestrial communities are determined by the nature of vegetation vegetation may be
vitality and vigour - qualitative charactersvitality is related to the condition of a plant and its capacity to complete its life cycle while vigor
animals in the community - nature and structure of communitythe animals in the community are directly or indirectly dependent on the plants also time
phenology of different speciesthe phenology of different species present in a community may differ from each other significantly it is these
periodicity phenology aspectionit refers to the study of seasonal changes in the community that is the periodic phenomena of organisms in relation to
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystemwhat is common between a terrestrial and an aquatic ecosystem both have similar type of trophic structure they
stratification - aquatic ecosystemsaquatic ecosystems also exhibit marked stratification in lake and ocean ecosystems light penetration temperature
vertical stratification - tropical rain forestin a tropical rain forest vertical stratification is very clearly seen in addition to the different
stratification of vegetation - qualitative charactersstratification of vegetation is another important feature of plant communities there are
floristic composition - qualitative characters one of the important qualitative characteristics of a community is its floristic composition this
analytic characters - nature and structure of communityas you know a community has its own characteristics which are not shown by its individual
ecotone - nature and structure of communitythe zone of vegetation separating two different types of communities is called ecotone it is also known as
community gradients and boundaries it is often difficult or impossible to determine where one community ends and the next begins many communities in
nature and structure of communityevery place on earth -grasslands forests and ponds edge of the river or sea is shared by many coexisting organisms
animals of estuariesthe animals of estuaries and related wetlands such as marshes and swamps are tremendously important not only as denizens of their
plants of estuarythe plants of the estuary are of four basic types phytoplankton marginal marsh vegetation mud-flat algae and epiphytic plants
biota of estuaries the estuarine community is a mixture of three components marine fresh water and brackish waterbut overall estuarine diversity is
water of estuariesthe water of estuaries is turbid because of the great number of particulates in suspension in the water the turbidity is minimum
currents in estuariescurrents in estuaries are caused primarily by tidal action and river flow currents are generally confined to channels but
temperature - estuaries another important variable is temperature the temperature of estuary keeps on fluctuating it heats up and cools down more