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floating stage - hydrarchthe pond is now colonised by plant species which are rooted in mud but their leaves reach water surface and float these are
submerged stage - hydrarchthis habitat which is now shallower and is richer in nutrients and where light is available up to a certain depth becomes
phytoplankton stage - hydrarchin this initial stage the pond water is poor in nutrients and is devoid of much life at this stage the water is
xerarch - kinds of successionwhen the succession takes place in drier area ie the succession progresses from xeric to mesic conditions it is further
hydrarch - kinds of successionwhen succession takes place in a wet area that is succession progresses from hydric to mesic conditions this can be
stabilisation - climax the whole process of succession results in stabilisation of the vegetation which is now in complete harmony with the
reaction - processes in successionthis is the most important stage in succession the mechanism of modification of environment through the influence
competition - processes in succession the aggregation of individuals in an area leads to inter specific and intra specific competition the
invasion or migration - ecologywhen a habitat is changed it can be a potential site for the establishment of many organisms many species actually
nudation - processes in successionthe first step or requirement is the availability of the right kind of habitat primary succession takes place in a
autotrophic and heterotrophic succession the succession where initially the green plants are much greater in quantity than the animals is known as
processes in succession - ecologywhether succession is primary or secondary in terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems the basic processes involved in
autogenic and allogenic succession in many cases the living beings of an ecosystem modify their environment considerably by their growth death and
secondary succession - community changesecondary succession is the sequential development of biotic communities after the complete or partial
primary succession - community changein primary succession on a terrestrial site the new site is first colonised by a few hardy pioneer species that
succession - community changethe factors like fire floods and human interventions affect an ecosystem considerably they often lead to the depletion
community changeecosystems are dynamic entities in which a number of events take place associated with the biotic communities of the ecosystem are
dominance - synthetic charactersit is a characteristic of vegetation which expresses the predominating influences of one or more species in a stand
physiognomy and pattern physiognomy is the general appearance of vegetation as determined by the growth form of dominant species it may be considered
frequency - synthetic charactersthis term refers to the degree of dispersion of individual species in an area and is usually expressed in terms of
species diversity - synthetic charactersit is one of the most important and basic characteristics of a community there are various ways of measuring
fidelity - synthetic charactersfidelity refers to the degree to which a species is restricted in its occurrence to a particular kind of community the
presence and constancy - synthetic characterspresence and constancy refer to how uniformly a species occurs in different stands in a community for
weight of plants - quantitative charactersweight is one of the most important quantitative characteristics of plants quantitatively growth is best
height of plants - quantitative charactersthe height of a plant is a very good indicator of their general performance and therefore can be employed