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temperate rain forests - ecosystemthe temperate rain forests are colder than any other rain forest and exhibit a marked seasonality with regard to
temperate evergreen forest - ecosystemmany parts of the world have a mediterranean type of climate which is characterised by warm dry summers and
temperate deciduous forest - ecosystemthe temperate forests are characterised by a moderate climate and broad-leafed deciduous trees which shed their
coniferous forest - ecosystemcold regions with high rainfall and strongly seasonal climates with long winters and fairly short summers are
types of forests - ecosystemthe forest biomes of the world have been classified into the three major categories coniferous forest tropical forest and
soils of tropical and temperate forestsalthough soils of tropical forests are generally poor in nutrients they are able to maintain high productivity
biological adaptationthese adaptations depend on the geology and basic fertility of the region and some of the mechanisms that are especially well
external budgets - nutrient budgetsin contrast the external budgets pertain to the input and output of the entire ecosystem in relation to other
internal budget - nutrient budgetsthis is concerned with the circulation of nutrients through various biotic and abiotic compartments of a given
nutrient budgets - nutrient cyclesnutrients are constantly being added and removed by natural and artificial processes the measure of the input and
human impact on the phosphorus cyclelike other biogeochemical cycles human activities have altered the phosphorus cycle human beings mine phosphate
phosphorus cycle - nutrient cyclesphosphorus is a very important nutrient because of its role in the form of phosphate in reactions that store and
sulphur cycle - nutrient cyclesthe sulphur cycle is mostly sedimentary except for a short gaseous phase the large reservoir of sulphur is in the soil
human impact on nitrogen cycle human activities are profoundly affecting the cycling of nitrogen in nature over 30 x 106 metric tonsyr of n2 is fixed
denitrification - nutrient cyclesnitrates are readily leached from the soil and also lost through denitrification the process by which molecular or
nitrification - nutrient cyclesammonia or ammonium salts are converted into nitrate in a process termed nitrification to be useful to most
ammonificationmany heterotrophic bacteria actinomycetes and fungi in soil and water metabolise the organic nitrogen and release it in an inorganic
non symbiotic nitrogen fixers - nutrient cyclesthere are certain groups of free living bacteria both aerobic and anaerobic and blue green algae that
symbiotic nitrogen fixers - nutrient cyclesof the symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria species of rhizobium form root nodules in legumes and are the
biological fixation - nitrogen fixationapproximately 63 of all nitrogen fixed is through biological fixation nitrogen fixing organisms are primarily
high energy fixation - nitrogen fixationthrough cosmic radiations lightning volcanic activity and meteorite trails which provide the high energy
nitrogen fixationas we have said before atmospheric nitrogen cannot be used by plants or animals it has to be first fixed the term nitrogen fixation
nitrogen cyclethe nitrogen is an essential constituent of protein - the building block of all living cells it is also a major constituent of the
human impact on carbon cyclehuman activities have greatly influenced the carbon cycle the discharge of co2 into the atmosphere is steadily increasing
types of biogeochemical cyclesthere are two basic types of biogeochemical cycles gaseous and sedimentary in the gaseous type of biogeochemical cycle