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density - population parameters and regulationdensity is defined as number of individuals or population biomass per unit of area or volume at any
population parameters and regulationpopulation can be defined as a group of organisms of same species occupying a specific area at a particular time
crustose lichen stage - xerarchon bare rocks conditions are inhospitable for life as there is extreme deficiency of water and nutrients great
foliose lichen stage - xerarchas mentioned earlier the weathering of the rocks and the decaying of the crustose lichens results in the formation of
moss stage - xerarchthe accumulation of soil particularly in the crevices and depressions of rock favours the growth of certain xerophytic mosses eg
herb stage - xerarchthe soil-forming and soil-holding reactions of the mosses are so pronounced that the seeds of various xerophytic herbs especially
shrub stage - xerarchsufficient soil is formed in the herbs stage for supporting the woody plants or the shrubs they migrate with the help of seeds
climax forest - xerarchfirst some xerophytic species of trees establish in this area they are sparsely distributed and are stunted because the
changes in animal life during xerosere just like the hydrosere there occur successive changes in animal life during the xerosere a few mites are
xerarch - ecologysuccessions initiated on bare rock wind-blown sand rocky talus slopes or other situations where there is an extreme deficiency of
successive changes in animal life during hydrosere the successive changes in plant communities in the different seral communities of a hydrosere the
climax stage - hydrarcha variety of trees invade the woodland community which soon develop into the climax community the nature of the climax is
woodland stage - hydrarchwhen the lowland has been built up to an extent where the soil is saturated perhaps only in spring and early summer certain
sedge-meadow stage - hydrarchfavoured by an increasing amount of light as the former occupants disappear they gradually change the reed swamp into a
reed-swamp stage - hydrarchthis stage is also known as amphibious stage as the plants of the community are rooted but most parts of their shoots
floating stage - hydrarchthe pond is now colonised by plant species which are rooted in mud but their leaves reach water surface and float these are
submerged stage - hydrarchthis habitat which is now shallower and is richer in nutrients and where light is available up to a certain depth becomes
phytoplankton stage - hydrarchin this initial stage the pond water is poor in nutrients and is devoid of much life at this stage the water is
xerarch - kinds of successionwhen the succession takes place in drier area ie the succession progresses from xeric to mesic conditions it is further
hydrarch - kinds of successionwhen succession takes place in a wet area that is succession progresses from hydric to mesic conditions this can be
stabilisation - climax the whole process of succession results in stabilisation of the vegetation which is now in complete harmony with the
reaction - processes in successionthis is the most important stage in succession the mechanism of modification of environment through the influence
competition - processes in succession the aggregation of individuals in an area leads to inter specific and intra specific competition the
invasion or migration - ecologywhen a habitat is changed it can be a potential site for the establishment of many organisms many species actually
nudation - processes in successionthe first step or requirement is the availability of the right kind of habitat primary succession takes place in a