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de morgans lawscontinuing with the relationship between and and or we can also use de morgans law to rearrange sentences involving negation
double negation - artificial intelligencealways parents are correcting their children for the use of double negatives but we have to be very alert
associativity of connectivesin order to tell us brackets are useful when to perform calculations in arithmetic and when to evaluate the truth of
commutatively of connectivesyou will be aware from the fact that some arithmetic operators have a property that it does not matter which way around
equivalences amp rewrite rules - artificial intelligencealong with allowing us to verify trivial theorems tautologies make us able to establish that
truth tables - artificial intelligencein propositional logic where we are limited to expressing sentences where propositions are true or false - we
deductive inferences - artificial intelligencewe have described how knowledge can be represented in first-order logic and how in logic rule-based
logic-based expert systems - artificial intelligenceexpert systems are agents which are programmed to make decisions about real world situations they
search mechanisms in prologwe can utilize this simple prolog program to describe how prolog searchespresidentx - firstnamex georgedubya secondnamex
representation in prolog - logic programs artificial intelligenceif we impose some more constraints on first order logic then we get to a
prolog programming language - artificial intelligencemost of the programming languages are procedural the programmer specifies exactly the correct
appropriate problems for ann learning - artificial intelligence- as we did for decision trees it is essential to know when anns are the correct
back propagation learning routine - aartificial intelligenceas with perceptrons the information in the network is stored in the weights so the
multi-layer network architectures - artificial intelligenceperceptrons have restricted scope in the type of concepts they may learn - they may just
multi-layer artificial neural networks - artificial intelligencenow we can look at more sophisticated anns which are known multi-layer artificial
functions in first-order logic sentences - artificial intelligencefunctions may be thought of as special predicates where we think of all but 1 of
connectives in first-order logic sentences - artificial intelligencewe may string predicates together into a sentence in the same way by utilising
predicates in first-order logic sentences - artificial intelligencethere are predicates first and foremost in first-order logic sentences these
syntax and semanticsx and semantics for first-order logic - artificial intelligencepropositional logic is limited in its expressiveness it may
first-order logicwe as humans have always prided ourselves on our ability to think things through for this reason things are out and come to the only
evaluation functions for cutoff search - artificial intelligentevaluation functions guess the score that may be guaranteed if a specific world
cut-off searchby using a minimax search all we have to do is program in a game playing situation our agent to look at the whole search tree
game playing techniques - artificial intelligencenow we have dispensed with the essential background material for artificial intelligence problem
representation scheme in artificial intelligenceit is not hard to see why logic has been popular representation scheme in aiin this way it is easy