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binding site is the place on cellular dna to which a protein like transcription factor can bind typically binding sites may be found in the
bacteriophage is a virus which infects a bacterium and which is many times used in molecular genetics experiments as the vector or cloning vehicle
bacterial artificial chromosome bac is a chromosome-like structure made by genetic engineering bac is a cloning vector able to carrying between
autoradiography is the process to detect radioactively labeled molecules which commonly have been separated in an sds-page or agarose gel based on
atg or aug the codon for the methionine the translation initiation codon generally protein translation can only start at the methionine codon
arrayed library an individual primary recombinant clones hosted in the phage cosmid yac or other vector which are placed in two- dimensional arrays
antibiotic resistance is the resistance conferred to the host the ability to survive a given antibiotic by the plasmids containing resistance
amino acid is any of a class of 20 molecules which are combined to form the proteins in living things consisting of the general formula nh2-chr-cooh
allele-specific ligation is the technique permitting discrimination of two allele at locus by giving two short synthetic oligonucleotides which
alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the phosphomonoesters of the 5 nucleotides it is used to dephosphorylate
agarose gel electrophoresis is the method to analyze the size of the dna or rna fragments in the presence of an electric field bigger fragments of
acrylamide gel is a polymer gel used for electrophoresis of dna or protein to measure their sizes in the daltons for proteins or in base pairs for
ablation experiment is an experiment designed to produce an animal deficient in one or the few cell types in order to study cell lineage or the
ice age is an interval of geologic time between 2 million and 10000 years ago during that period the northern hemisphere experienced several episodes
homologous structures are the body parts in different organisms which have similar bones and similar arrangements of the blood vessels muscles and
ground system plant tissue system composed commonly of parenchyma cells with some collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells that occupies the space
gill slits are the opening or the clefts between the gill arches in the fish water taken in by the mouth passes through the gill slits and bathes the
founder effect the difference in gene pools amongs an original population and a new population founded by one or a few individuals randomly separated
food chain is the simplest representation of energy flow in the community at the base is energy stored in the plants which are eaten by the small
fertilization is the fusion of the two gametes sperm and ovum to produce a zygote which develops into the new individual with a genetic heritage
evolution can be explained as follows 1 the change in the life over time by adaptation over-reproduction variation and differential
eutrophication runaway growth of the aquatic plants which takes place when agricultural fertilizers containing the phosphorus and nitrogen run off
eukaryote is the type of cell found in several organisms including single-celled protists and multicellular fungi plants and animals as well
entropy is the degree of disorder in a system as the energy is transferred from one form to another form some of it is lost as heat as the energy
1 it is the series of coupled oxidationreduction reactions where the electrons are passed like hot potatoes from one membrane-bound proteinenzyme to