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processing grains and oil seeds for animal feedingsimple processing of grains such as grinding facilitates the digestion particularly in cattle and
miscellaneous antinutritional substancesalkaloids alkaloids represent a large and structurally diverse group of compounds present within angiosperm
chelating agentsoxalates only a few plants contain sufficient amounts of sodium and potassium oxalate to be considered toxic moreover ruminants that
phenolic compoundsgossypol gossypol is a toxic compound found in the cotton plant it is concentrated in the cottonseed but can also be found in other
glycosidescalcinogenic glycosidescertain plants contain glycosides of the active metabolite of vitamin d the metabolite is called 1
proteinsprotease inhibitors protease inhibitors are protein-based substances widely distributed within the plant kingdom including the seeds of most
antinutritional factorsunconventional feed resources including many agriculture by-products are rich in antinutrients and toxic constituents and
unconventional oilseed cakesmealdeoiled sal shorea robusta seed meal it is a byproduct obtained after the extraction of oil from sal seeds it is
conventional agro-industrial oilseed cakesgroundnut meal it is readily available protein source byproduct from the extraction of groundnut which is a
byproducts high in energy and nitrogenbyproducts in this category include products such as blood meal and poultry offal meal fish meal extracted
byproducts of high energy value but low in nitrogenthe byproducts of the sugar industry molasses sugar beet pulp the horticultural industry and
byproducts of the food industry such as coffee residues fruit pulp and cocoa meal are of low energy value but are relatively high in nitrogen in
byproducts of low digestibility and low nitrogenstraws husks pods and haulms are the byproducts of this category very often the nitrogen content in
classification of agro-industrial byproductsbased on their nutrient content agro-industrial byproducts can be divided into1 feed low in fiber and
agro-industrial byproductsagro-industrial by-products in southeast asia are available in plenty due to the emphasis on crop cultivation by-products
nutritive value of crop residuesnutritive value is generally determined by feed composition intake and utilization efficiency of digested matter
unconventional feed resources and anti-nutritional factorswith increasing ruminant population there is a need to identify and introduce new and
research priorities for effective utilization of agro- industrial by- productsbiotechnology including recombinant dna techniques provides for genetic
emerging and new generation by-productsoil palm by-products are good examples of ncfr which are becoming increasingly important new feeds this is
processing methods for amelioration of anti-nutritional meals from many oil seeds often contain undesirable toxic and allergenic compounds that can
agro industrial-incriminating factors in feedsthere are many anti-nutritional factors present in feeds and fodders which affect the utilization of
factors affecting vitamin utilizationraw soybean contains enzyme lipoxygenase which can be destroyed by heating for 5 min with steam at atmospheric
ant-nutritional factors limiting their optimum usethe anti-nutritional factors anfs are non-fibrous natural substances which occur as natural
oil seed meals as source of limiting amino acidsgenerally ruminants are not perceived to have a requirement for essential amino acids as the rumen