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other agro-industrial byproductssupply of nutrients in the livestock ration can be maintained by using the locally available industrial byproducts
processing of wastes from food industryvarious cellulosic wastes are available abundantly from food processing industry such as fruits and vegetable
problems with untreatedammoniated crop residuesbesides the low energy and protein contents crop residues generally contain low content of minerals
steam treatmentsteam treatment of crop residues under pressure has recently opened a new vista for their nutritional improvement especially in the
soakingsoaking is an another inexpensive processing method which does not require much technical know how is commonly practiced for improving the
agro industrial-baling and cubingbailing is one of the most common processes used for the conservation of green fodders and grasses in many developed
choppinggrindingthese are the processes by which the particle size of cereals oil cakes and roughages including green fodders and crop residues is
processing of roughageroughages constitute the bulk of the ration of farm animals and these include green fodder leguminous and non-leguminous
codex code of practicecodex alimentarious commission cad was established in 1963 with the objective to develop international food safety standards to
feed adulterantsadulteration of raw material is creating a serious problem for manufacturing the good quality feed as the trading of raw ingredients
quality control of feedstuffsquality control is essential at all stages in the production of compound feed so that animals could get wholesome
safety aspects of feed processingsafety of the man and machine in a feed mill is very important to avoid the accidents some basic aspects of a good
packagingcompound feeds whether in mash or pellet form are packed in bags or stored in bins bags may be filled directly from mixers pellet coolers or
compound feed preprationthe compounding of animal feed involves processing and blending of raw feed ingredients of wide ranging physical chemical and
processing grains and oil seeds for animal feedingsimple processing of grains such as grinding facilitates the digestion particularly in cattle and
miscellaneous antinutritional substancesalkaloids alkaloids represent a large and structurally diverse group of compounds present within angiosperm
chelating agentsoxalates only a few plants contain sufficient amounts of sodium and potassium oxalate to be considered toxic moreover ruminants that
phenolic compoundsgossypol gossypol is a toxic compound found in the cotton plant it is concentrated in the cottonseed but can also be found in other
glycosidescalcinogenic glycosidescertain plants contain glycosides of the active metabolite of vitamin d the metabolite is called 1
proteinsprotease inhibitors protease inhibitors are protein-based substances widely distributed within the plant kingdom including the seeds of most
antinutritional factorsunconventional feed resources including many agriculture by-products are rich in antinutrients and toxic constituents and
unconventional oilseed cakesmealdeoiled sal shorea robusta seed meal it is a byproduct obtained after the extraction of oil from sal seeds it is
conventional agro-industrial oilseed cakesgroundnut meal it is readily available protein source byproduct from the extraction of groundnut which is a
byproducts high in energy and nitrogenbyproducts in this category include products such as blood meal and poultry offal meal fish meal extracted