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self-pollination - types of pollinationself-pollination refers to the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower in
anther dehiscence and pollen transferanther dehiscenceanther dehiscence simply means the release of pollen grains from dry and mature anthers it
pollination pollination refers to the transfer of pollen from dehiscing anthers to the pistil unlike animals plants cannot move to their mates for
nutrition of embryo sac the morphology of the ovule suggests that the chalazal end is the main route for the entry of nutrients the funicular
haustorial behavior of embryo sac there are instances in which the entire embryo sac may grow beyond the ovular tissue the central cell may also form
central cell - synergidsit is the largest cell of the embryo sac and the mother cell of the endosperm the enlargement of the embryo sac after the
egg - synergidsthe three cells of the egg apparatus are arranged in triangular fashion with the egg sharing a common wall with the two synergids and
functions of synergidsultra structurally the structure and concentration of cell organelles reveals that synergids are metabolically active the
tetrasporic embryo sacs in this group neither of the meiotic divisions is accompanied by wall formation so that at the end of meiosis all the four
polygonum type - monosporic embryo sacsthe embryo sac is formed from the chalazal megaspore in the tetrad and is eight-nucleate the development of
female gametophytethe development of a female gametophyte is initiated with the enlargement of one of the megaspores usually the one close to the
pollinia and massulaein most cases the pollen grains of each tetrad become separated from one another and they lie freely in the pollen sac in some
sterility in angiospermssterility in angiosperms may arise due to several causes either the anther may not be formed or anthers are formed but
pollenkitt - pollen wallthe lipoidal layer found on the outside of the mature pollen grains of many insect pollinated species is known as the
difference between vegetative and generative cell the cytoplasm of the vegetative cell and the generative cell is distinctly different the generative
endothelium - ovulein plants bearing unitegmic ovules the nucellus degenerates during early stages of ovule development and the embryo sac comes in
types of ovules anatropousthis is the most common type of ovule in angiosperms in which the ovule undergoes curvature such that the micropylar end
ovule the ovule also known as the megasporangium is the forerunner of the seed it consists of a central mound of tissue called the nucellus which is
release of microspores up to the tetrad stage there is no cellulosic wall around the microspores as you will come to know in the next unit a unique
cytoplasmic reorganisationmeiosis is also associated with major reorganisation of the cytoplasm of mmcs and microspores microspore mother cell shows
sporogenous tissuethe primary sporogenous cells pscs result after the periclinal division of the archesporial cells the pscs may undergo mitotic
amoeboid tapetum - tapetumit is also known as invasive or periplus modial tapetum this type of tapetum is more prevalent in the monocotyledons arum
types of individuals in cnidariathere are two forms of individuals in cnidaria polyp medusapolyp is tubular the oral end being free carrying a whorl
characteristic features of phylum cnidariaall are aquatic animalsradial or biradial symmetry around an oro-aboral axis but no headdiploblastic with
use of the activity chart organizing teams and to decide its strength of different operations on mass production work establishing teams for