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availability of adpwhen the adp levels increase due to hydrolysis ofatp in various biosynthetic reactions the rate of reaction to
explain regulatory enzymesregulatory enzymes citrate synthase isocitrate dehydrogenase and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
regulation of the citric acid cyclethe citric acid cycle is regulated by certain enzymes and by the availability of
oxidation of malate to oxaloacetateoxidation of malate to oxaloacetate malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate by malate dehydrogenase and nad
oxidation of succinate to fimarate this reaction is catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase and fad is needed as a cofactor
isomerization of citrateisomerization of citrate in this step citrate is isomerized to isocitrate by aconitase which has
role of citratecitrate in addition to being an intermediate of citric acid cycle provides a source of acetyl coa for the cytosolic
explain inhibitorsinhibitors citrate synthase is inhibited by atp nadh succinyl coa and acyl coa derivative of fatty acids fatty acyl coa the rate of
synthesis of citratefrom acetyl coa and oxaloacetate citrate synthase catalyses this aldol condensation reaction with the release of coa there are
anabolic reactions the intermediates of citric acid cycle are used as precursors in tlie biosynthesis of many compounds like
functions of citric acid cyclethe citric acid cycle is an amphibolic pathway ie it is involved in both anabolic and catabolic
explain citric acid cyclein the citric acid cycle the oxaloacetate is first condensed with acetyl coa and then regenerated as the
genetic defect in pyruvate dehydrogenasea defed in any of the protein subunits of pdh can result in decrease or complete loss of activity
oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl coathe oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl coa is the irreversible route from glycolysis to the citric
fluoride inhibitorfluoride inhibits enolase enzyme involved in the conversion of 2-phosphoglerate to phosphoenol
what is arsenite inhibitorarsenite inhibits synthesis of atp in the conversion of 13-bisphosphoglycerate to 3- phosphoglycerate by
what is iodoacetate inhibitoriodoacetate is the inhibitor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
how to increase in the amount of glucokinase in liverconsumption of a meal rich in carbohydrate or administration of insulin initiate an
phosphofiuctokinase-i phosphofiuctokinase-i is activated by amp and inhibited by atp and citrate when atp is utilized in energy requiring
regulation of glycolysisthere are three markedly exergonic reactions in the glycolytic pathway which are considered physiologically
oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvateoxidative decarboxylation ofpyruvate this is an important step in tissues with high oxidative capacity such as
what is gluconeogenesisthere is accumulation of lactate which is released into the blood and taken up by the liver where it is converted
formation of lactate and its consumptionformation of lactate and its consumption if anaerobic conctitions prevail the reoxidation
pyruvatepyruvate has three different fates under aerobic conditions pyruvate enters mitochondriaand is converted to acetyl coa the acetyl coa
shift of the phosphate group from carbon 3 to carbon 2shift of thephosphate group form carbon 3 to carbon 2 this reversible reaction is catalyzed