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explain the term tracheostomy if the duration of mechanical ventilation is likely to be prolonged it is wise to do an early tracheostomy otherwise a
what is weaning from mechanical ventilationit is crucial to get the timing just right as to when to discontinue mechanical ventilation and extubate
what is pressure support ventilation psvin a spontaneously breathing patient each breath may be augmented with a preset level of pressure the extent
describe pressure controlled ventilation pcv this is a pressure cycled mode machine delivers a set pressure - the tidal volume generated depends on
describe assist control ventilation acv the machine delivers a set tidal volume at the set rate besides each time the patient breathes on his own a
explain the modes of ventilationin general mechanical ventilation can be done to deliver a set tidal volume volume controlled or a set pressure
describe the positive end expiratory pressure peepa positive pressure may be applied at the end of the expiratory phase during mechanical ventilation
descriibe mechanical ventilation and cardiac performance during spontaneous breathing the intrathoracic and intrapulmonary pressures are negative
describe the types of drugs bull induction agent thiopentone fentanyl ketamine midazolam bull suxamethonium 1-2 mgkg is the muscle relaxant of
describe protocol that are used for endotracheal intubation in icu intubation is a three person procedure skilled assistance is mandatorybull top end
explain intubation and ventilation if supplemental oxygen therapy or non-invasive ventilation do not help the next step would be to intubate and
explain ventilation nivthis refers to the use of mechanical ventilatory support without the use of an endotracheal tube niv may be by the application
explain fixed performance system in oxygen therapyfixed performance systems these devices are capable of delivering a fixed preset concentration of
what devices used for oxygen therapyvariable performance systems with these devices the fio2 would vary depending on the patients breathing pattern
explain oxygen therapyin respiratory supportoxygen is given to correct hypoxemia an initial high concentration of oxygen fio2 is given while the
explain asystole and pulseless electrical activity pea the outcomes from these rhythms are generally much worse than for vtvf unless a readily
what is sodium bicarbonatethe administration of bicarbonate may be considered if the ph remains below 71 or if hyperkalemia or tricyclic
explain antiarrhythmic drugsamiodarone may be considered in vtvf that is refractory to shock it might be given if the third shock is not successful
explain vasopressindrug termas a single bolus of 40 u vasopressin has been recommended as an alternative to epinephrine in vfpulseless vt refractory
describe the term epinephrineepinephrine is administered iv in increments of 1 mg diluted in 10 mls of normal saline 110000 it can be given through
what is drugsintravenous access must be established although administration of drugs through a central vein is ideal in a low cardiac output
how to defibrillate three shocks should be given initially in a 200j - 200j - 360j sequence for most recoverable situations 200j would be adequate
explain ventricular fibrillation vf and pulseless ventricular tachycardia vt the commonest rhythm seen in cardiac arrest is vf which may be preceded
explain cardiopulmonary resuscitationthe heart rhythm associated with cardiac arrest can be either ventricular fibrillation ventricular tachycardia
explain the organisation of the intensive care unit the following kinds of professional groups are required in the day to day functioning of a modern