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q what is pericardial effusiona pericardial effusion is viewed as an echo free space surrounding the heart most commonly seen posteriorly
q use of echocardiography in pericardial diseasesone of the earliest clinical applications of echocardiography was in the detection of pericardial
q define direct visualisation of coronary arteriesanscoronary arteries cad be directly visualized using two-dimensional echocardiography especially
q assessment of diastdlic functionmyocardial ischemia clters diastolic function of left ventricle the earliest abnormality to appear with prolonged
q define eye ballinganstwo-dimensional echocardiography provides a good visual perception of cardiac functions with experience the echocardiologist
q what is regional wall motion abnormalityansa critical occlusion of a coronary artery leads to myocardial ischemia which is manifested as regional
q what is echocardiographyansechocardiography has become an established and powerful tool for diagnosing presence of cad and defining its consequence
baculovirus is widely used for expressing recombinant proteins structural of baculovirus is a rod-shaped nucleocapsid containing genomic dna the
describe the examination of abdomen the contour of abdomen is to be recorded normally the abdomen is scaphold in sharp in a young adult in case of
describe examination of chest and abdominal as already mentioned earlier any overt deformity of the chest for example kyphosis scoliosis pectus
describe pericardial rub and their characteristic generation of sound the sound is generated due to rubbing of visceral and parietal pericardial
explain phenylephine and methoxamine in amyl nitrite they have opposing effects to amyl nitrite as they increase the systemic bp phenylephine due to
describe pharmacologic agents in amyl nitrite amyl nitrite it produces vasodilatation which initially results in marked fall in bp and in the next
what is isonietric exercise in dynamic auscultation can be carried out by doing handgrip exercise which is sustained over 20-30 second it results in
describe about postural changes in dynamic auscultationa on sudden assumption of supine position from standing on sitting position or sudden passive
what is muller manoeuver explain in detailsin this manoeuver patient forcibly inspires while the nose is held closed and mouth firmly sealed for 10
describe valsalva manocuvre in dynamic auscultation this consists of deep inspiration followed by forced inhalation against a closed glottis for
describe what is respiration in dynamic auscultation a s2 splitting of s1 is audible during inspirationb diastolic sounds and ejection sounds
what is dynamic auscultation in heart surgeryit involves determining the effects on heart sounds and murmurs of various physiological and
explain arterial continuous mummerarterial continuous mummer these originate in constricted arteries as in carotid or femoral artery obstruction
describe arteriovenous continuous murmurarteriovenous continuous murmur these can be congenital as in coronary artery fistula entering rarvpa
what is venous hum in heart dieasescharacteristic continues sound with diastolic component often a higher pitched and louder than the systolic best
explain pr murmur characterstic and graham steel murmurpr murmur characteristic blowing decrescendo murmur heard loudest in 2nd and 3rd left
explain the characterstics of acute ar murmur characteristic relatively low pitched decrescendo diastolic murmur which may end part way through
describe austin flint murmur in heart dieasesthe ar jet may impinge on the undersurface of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve and push it up