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unprecedental clarity has come to our understanding of genetic differences by the analysis of dna sequences it is not surprising in which the latest
most proteins made by ribosomes on the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum are glycoproteins which is they hold short chains of carbohydrates
protein glycosylation is the reaction in that a carbohydrate example for a glycosyl donor that is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional set of
a classical secretory protein vary from a cytosolic protein by having a sequence about 13-35 amino acids long at its n-terminal end called as a
the protein targeting or protein sorting is the mechanism by that a cell transports proteins to the appropriate positions in the cell or outside of
in the eukaryotes eukaryotic release factor erf-1 recognizes all three termination codons that are uga uaa and uag and with the help of protein erf-3
a the elongation level of translation in eukaryotes requires three elongation factors eef-ib eef-1a and eef-2 that have similar functions to their
the entire mechanism of protein synthesis in eukaryotes is generally the same as in prokaryotes with three phases explained as termination elongation
transcription in eukaryotes a much more complex procedure than in prokaryotes in the eukaryotes translation and transcription take place in several
a complex of elongation factor ef-g also known as translocase and gtp example for ef-ggtp binds to the
peptide bond formation is catalyzed by peptidyl transferase the carboxyl end of the amino acid bound to the trna in this reaction and in the
in this 1st step the corresponding aminoacyl-trna for the second codon binds to the a site by
at the starting of the first round of elongation the initiation codon aug is positioned in the p site with fmet-trnafmet bound to it by
term translation or protein synthesis is quite similar in eukaryotes and prokaryotes we will look at the details of the process in prokaryotes and
in during translation the series of an mrna molecule is examined from its 5 end by ribosomes that then synthesize an appropriate polypeptide together
the genetic code is the group of rules by that information encoded within genetic material dna or mrna sequences is changed into proteins amino acid
transfer rna trna molecules play an very significant role in protein synthesis each trna becomes covalently
transfer rna which is also known as trna is an adaptor molecule composed of rna classically 73 to 93 nucleotides in length which serves as the
in at least single eukaryote tetrahymena the pre-rrna molecule holds an intron erasing of the intron in running
each ribosome having of two subunits a small subunit and a large subunit every of that is a multi component
rrna ribosomal ribonucleic acid is the rna part of the ribosome the cell structure which is the site of protein synthesis in all living cells the
gene repressor proteins which inhibit the transcription of particular genes in eukaryotes also exist they may act by binding either to control parts
unlike dna binding domains and dimerization domains no general structural motifs have since been identified
dna binding domains called as basic domains rich in basic amino acids that was happen in transcription factors in combination with zipper