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fatty acids are a very significant adenosine triphosphate atp and source of energy for various cellular organisms over fatty acids glucose and other
fatty acids have four main biological roles1 they are used to create sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids which are necessary elements of
in chemistry and particularly in biochemistry the fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic tail chain that is either saturated
as we have seen in during epinephrine hormonal control or glucagon dephosphorylated phosphorylase kinase is activated by
insulin is released into the bloodstream by the beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose stages
the major factor which controls glycogen metabolism in the liver is the concentration of phorphorylase alpha certainly this enzyme catalyzes the
glycogen is a huge polymer of glucose residues linked by alpha1-4 glycosidic bonds with branches every 10 residues or so by alpha1-6 glycosidic
glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide which serves as a part of energy storage in fungi and animals in humans the glycogen is recognized and
decreasing power is available in a cell both as nadph and nadh but these have quite distinct roles nadh is oxidized by the respiratory chain to
the pentose phosphate pathway also called as the phosphogluconate pathway and the hexose monophosphate shunt is a procedure which gives pentoses
regulation of pyruvate kinase pyruvate carboxylase and pep carboxykinasea in liver pyruvate kinase is inhibited by high levels of
when the level of amp is high this shows the requirement for more atp synthesis amp stimulates pfk increases the rate of glycolysis and inhibits
glycolysis generates two atps net per glucose whereas gluconeogenesis uses four atps and two gtps per glucose thus if both glycolysis and
oxaloacetate has two main roles it is an intermediate which is consumed in gluconeogenesis and it is also a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle
pyruvate carboxylase is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme whereas the other enzymes of gluconeogenesis are situated outside the
glycerol can act as a substrate for glucose synthesis by conversion to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and an intermediate in gluconeogenesis in
gluconeogenesis synthesizes glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors involving pyruvate and lactate citric acid cycle intermediates the carbon
gluconeogenesis that is also called as gng is a metabolic pathway which results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates
pyruvate kinase catalyzes the third irreversible move in glycolysis it is activated by fructose 1 6-bisphosphate the atp and amino acid
hexokinase that catalyzes the first irreversible step of glycolysis is inhibited by glucose 6-phosphate thus when pfk is
the hydrolysis of the disaccharide lactose in milk give up glucose and galactose thus galactose is also a major dietary sugar for humans glucose and
fructose is an abundant sugar in the human diet sucrose table sugar is a disaccharide that when hydrolyzed yields glucose and fructose and fructose
there are two distinct methods through that cells synthesize atp in oxidative phosphorylation which containing the electron transport
how does the placement of veins help to carry out their function of transporting materials to and from the leaf
in glycoproteins two main parts of oligosaccharide linkages exista an o-linked oligosaccharides attached to the protein by o-glycosidic bonds to the