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name two special purpose registersindex registerstack
explain mdr and marthe data and address lines of the external memory bus linked to the internal processor bus by the memory data register mdr and the
what are the ways to truncate guard bits1 chopping2 von neumann rounding3 rounding procedure
what is guard bitsguard bits are extra bits which are produced while the intermediate steps to yield maximum accuracy in the final
what are the exceptions encountered for fp operationthe exceptions encountered for fp operation are overflow underflow 0 inexact and invalid
what is overflow underflow case in single precisionspunderflow-in sp it means that the normalized representation needs an exponent less than
what are the 2 ieee standards for floating point
briefly explain the floating point representation with an examplethe floating point representation has 3 fields1sign bit2siginificant
define device interfacethe buffer registers datain and dataout and the status flags sin and sout are part of circuitry commonly called as a device
what is loaderloader is a system software which having a set of utility programs it will load the object program to the
what is assembler directivesum equ 200assembler directives are not instructions that will be implemented it easily informs the assembler that the
what is assembly languagea complete set of symbolic names and rules for the use of machines comprise a programming language usually referred to as an
what is index registerin index mode the effective address of the operand is formed by adding a constant value to the contents of a register the
what is a pointerthe register or memory location that having the address of an operand is known as a
define addressing modesthe dissimilar ways in which the location of an operand is specified in an instruction are referred to as addressing
what are condition code flagsthe processor keeps track of information about the results of several operations for use by subsequent conditional
what is branch targetas a result of branch instruction the processor fetches and implements the instruction at a new address called as branch target
what is branch instructionas a result of branch instruction is a type of instruction which loads a latest values into the program counter
what is big endian and little endian formatthe name big endian is used when lower byte addresses are used for the more important of the word the name
what is byte addressable memorythe assignment of successive addresses to successive byte locations in the memory is known as byte addressable
what is pipeliningthe overlapping of implementation of successive instructions is known as
write down the basic performance equationtnsrtprocessor timennoof instructionssno of stepsrclock
define clock ratethe clock rate is given by r1p where p is the length of single clock
what is processor time of a programthe periods during which the processor is active is known as processor time of a program it depends on the
what is elapsed time of computer systemthe total time to implement the total program is known as elapsed time it is affected by the speed of the