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define exceptionthe term exception is used to transfer to any event that causes an
define interruptan interrupt is any exceptional event that causes a cpuu to temporarily transfer control from its present program to another program
what is program-controlled ioin program controlled io the processor repeatedly checks a status flags to achieve the needed synchronization among the
what do you mean by memory mapped ioin memory mapped io there is no particular input or output instructions the cpu can manipulate io data residing
define asynchronous busasynchronous buses are the ones in which every item being transferred is accompanied by a control signal that shows its
define synchronous bussynchronous buses are the ones in which every item is transferred during a time slotclock cycle known to both the source and
define buswhen a word of data is transferred among units all the bits are transferred in parallel over a set of lines called bus in addition to the
what are vectored interruptsto decrease the time involved in the polling process a device requesting an interrupt may recognize itself directly to
what is a priority interrupta priority interrupt is an interrupt that establishes a priority over the various sources to determine which condition is
what are the two independent mechanisms for controlling interrupt requestat the device end an interrupt enable bit in a control register verifies
what is the need of interrupt controller the interrupt controller is employed to expand the interrupt inputs it can handle the interrupt requests
what is pollingpolling is a scheme or an algorithm to recognize the devices interrupting the processor polling is employed when multiple devices
define dma controllerthe io device interface control circuit that is used for direct memory access is called as dma
explain direct memory accessa modest enhances in hardware enables an io device to transfer a block of information to or from memory without cpu
write the factors considered in designing an io subsystem1 data location device selection address of data within device track sector etc2
what is an io interfaceinput-output interface provides a method for transferring binary information among internal storage like memory and cpu
what is program controlled ioin program controlled io the processor repeatedly checks a status flag to achieve the needed synchronization among the
what is memory mapped iowhen the io devices share the similar address space the arrangement is known as memory mapped
what are the major functions of io system i interface to the cpu and memory by the system bus ii interface to one or more io devices by
what are the various mechanisms for implementing io operationsa program controlled iob interruptsc
why io devices cannot be directly be connected to the system bus the io devices cannot be directly linked to the system bus becausei the data
what is bootingwhen the power is turned on the os has to be loaded into the main memory which is taken place as part of a process known as booting to
what is error checkingit computes the error correcting code ecc value for the data read from the given sector and compares it with the corresponding
what is disk controllerthe electronic circuit that controls the operation of the disk known as disk controller word countthe number of words in
what is a disk drivethe electro mechanical mechanism that spins the disk and moves the readwrite heads known as disk