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what is the need of interrupt controller the interrupt controller is employed to expand the interrupt inputs it can handle the interrupt requests
what is pollingpolling is a scheme or an algorithm to recognize the devices interrupting the processor polling is employed when multiple devices
define dma controllerthe io device interface control circuit that is used for direct memory access is called as dma
explain direct memory accessa modest enhances in hardware enables an io device to transfer a block of information to or from memory without cpu
write the factors considered in designing an io subsystem1 data location device selection address of data within device track sector etc2
what is an io interfaceinput-output interface provides a method for transferring binary information among internal storage like memory and cpu
what is program controlled ioin program controlled io the processor repeatedly checks a status flag to achieve the needed synchronization among the
what is memory mapped iowhen the io devices share the similar address space the arrangement is known as memory mapped
what are the major functions of io system i interface to the cpu and memory by the system bus ii interface to one or more io devices by
what are the various mechanisms for implementing io operationsa program controlled iob interruptsc
why io devices cannot be directly be connected to the system bus the io devices cannot be directly linked to the system bus becausei the data
what is bootingwhen the power is turned on the os has to be loaded into the main memory which is taken place as part of a process known as booting to
what is error checkingit computes the error correcting code ecc value for the data read from the given sector and compares it with the corresponding
what is disk controllerthe electronic circuit that controls the operation of the disk known as disk controller word countthe number of words in
what is a disk drivethe electro mechanical mechanism that spins the disk and moves the readwrite heads known as disk
what is winchester technologythe disk and the readwrite heads are placed in a sealed air-filtered enclosure known as winchester
what is page framean area in the main memory that can hold single page is called as page
what is virtual addressthe binary address that the processor used for either instruction or data known as virtual
what is virtual memorymethod that automatically move program and datablocks into the physical main memory when they are needed for execution are
what is associative searchthe cost of an associative cache is higher that the cost of a direct mapped cache due to the need to search all 128 bit tag
what is write missduring the write operation if the addressed word is not in cache then said to be write
what is replacement algorithmwhen the cache is full and a memory word that is not in the cache is referenced the cache control hardware must decide
what are pagesall programs and date are composed of fixed length units known as pages each page consists of blocks of words that occupy contiguous
define user spacethe system space is divided from virtual address space in which the user application programs reside the letter space is known as
define system space management routines are part of the operating system of the computer it is suitable to assemble the os routines into a virtual