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what are the structures used in file-system implementation several on-disk and in-memory structures are used to execute a file systema on-disk
suppose you3939re given n numbers and asked to find a number that is greater than or equal to the median a what is the lower bound for
how does bus arbitration typically worki a bus master waiting to use the bus asserts by the bus requestii a bus master cannot be the bus
why are interrupt masks provided in any processorinterrupt mask enable the higher priority devices comes first and there for lower priority devices
what is the function of a tlb translation look-aside buffer a small cache called the tlb is interporated into mmu which having of the page table
how do you control instructions like branch cause problems in a pipelined processorpipelined processor gives the best throughput for sequenced line
why is the wait-for-memory-function-completed step required when reading from or writing to the main memory wmfc step is needed for the write control
what is the purpose of guard bits used in floating point operationsthe guard bits are the extra bits which are used to retain the in-between steps to
what is the necessity of an interface any device that has to be linked to a cpu requires an interface this takes care of the mismatch in speed
what is dma operations state its advantages in order to transfer bulk amount of data among memory and io device without involvement of cpu the direct
define locality of reference what are its types during the course of implementation of a program memory references by the processor for both the
what do you understand by hit ratiowhen a processor refers a data item from a cache if the referenced item is in the cache then such a reference is
what is meant by super scalar processor super scalar processors are designed to exploit more instruction level parallelism in user programs this
what are the address-sequencing capabilities required in a control memoryi incrementing the control address registerii unconditional branch as
what is priority interrupta priority interrupt is an interrupt that establishes a priority over the various sources to verify which condition is to
what factors influences the bus design decisions 1 data location device selection address of data with in device track sector etc2 data
define the terms spatial locality and temporal localityspatial locality the spatial aspect means that instructions in close proximity to a
define underflow and overflowunderflow if the result the arithmetic operation including n-bit numbers is too small to show by n-bits underflow is
why is the data bus in most microprocessors bidirectional while the address bus is unidirectional data bus these lines are used to send data
what is the advantage of using interrupt initiated data transfer over transfer under program control without interruptin the interrupt initiated data
why does dma have priority over the cpu when both request a memory transferthe data transfer monitored by dma controller which is called as dma
list the factors that determine the storage device performanceiaccess timeiicycle timeiiitransfer
define pipeline speedupsmtltmwhere tm is the execution time for some target workload on an m-stage pipelinetl is the execution time for some workload
why floating point number more difficult to represent and process than integerin floating point numbers we have to show any number in three fields
what are limitations of assembly languagei it is changed to machine language using assembler which is time consuming when compared with machine