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close statementthe simplified syntax of the close statement is as shown below close file-name-1
statements for sequential filesa basic operation on a file includes the reading and writing of its recordswhenever the file is sequential there are
nonstandard clausesthe various clauses explained above are as per the ansi standard also most compilers provide for additional nonstandard clauses to
data record clausethe data record clause documents the record names defined for the file for illustration data records are rec-1 rec-2 rec-3 that
block contains clauseinteger -1 of the block contains clause indicates the block size either in terms of records or in terms of characters for
file status clausethis clause has been involved in the above syntax for completeness the organization reverse access and status clause can be
reserve clausethis clause indicates the number of buffers to be used for the fileinteger-1 specifies this numberorganizationaccess clausethese two
label records disk directorythe most important information stored in the header label is what is termed as the file title in the situation of
buffersthe modern computers are able of handling i-o operations independent of the cpu by means of the hardware termed as data channelfor
block sizethe normal practice is to group a number of consecutive records to form that is termed as a block or a physical record the number of
file characteristicsthe task of file handling is the responsibility of the system software termed as iocs input-output control systemrecord sizewe
sequential files the purpose of the proposed section is to introduce the concepts such as file characteristicsfile description for fixed-length
program for renames clauseidentification divisionprogram- idenvironment divisiondata divisionworking-storage section01 emp 02
programs for redefines clausewe have to write a simple program to explain the redefines clause at 01 levelidentification divisionprogram- id
program for perform - varyingwe have to write a program to elaborate perform varyingidentification divisionprogram- id perfvaryenvironment
program for perform untilwe have to write a program to find the sum of n natural numbersidentification divisionprogram- id perfuntilenvironment
program for perform - thruwe have to write a program to elaborate perform thru statementidentification divisionprogram- id perfthruenvironment
program for simple performwe have to write a program to elaborate simple perform statementidentification divisionprogram- id perf1environment
program for if -elsewe have to write a program to check whether the given number is odd or even you can use ifelseidentification divisionprogram- id
program for if we have to write a program to check whether the given number is odd or evenidentification divisionprogram- id ifstenvironment
rules of redefines clausethe rules shown below govern the use of the redefines clausei the level-number of data-name-1 and data-name-2 should be
example of redefines clausethis illustration describes a sales record that may either contain the total amount of sale or the quantity qty and
redefines clauseat times it may be found that two or more storage regions defined in the data division are not in use concurrently in such situations
rules of renames clause the rules below should be observed while using the renames clausei all renames entries should be written only after the
illustration of renames clausein the illustration pat-other-than-basic will become a fresh group consisting of dearness-allowance house-rent amp