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explain hardness - water softening1 hardness is used to characterize a water that does not lather well causes a scum in the bath tub and leaves hard
design a 10 unit rapid sand filter system for a flow of 63 mgd with a filtration rate of 2 gpmsq ft and an l w ratio of 13 design flow q 63 mgd
calculate the surface dimensions of sedimentation tanka treatment plant upgrade calls for design of sedimentation basins to handle a flow rate of 8
explain the design criteria sedimentation basinsurface loading rate or overflow rate vo qa flow ratesurface areadetention time t or vq volume flow
define the types of sedimentation1 type i particles that settle discretely settle as individual particles sand grit pre-sedimentation for sand
explain sedimentation1 sedimentation basin or clarifier is used to remove particles that will settle in a reasonable time period2 basins are usually
explain flocculation most important factor effecting particle removal efficiency objective - to bring particles into contact so that they will
explain rapid mixing tank for the chemical reactions to occur the chemicals must be mixed with water for both coagulation and softening we need
explain coagulation surface waters must be treated to remove turbidity color and bacteria the traditional sand filtration is not sufficient in
explain the surface water treatment methodsa physical unit operations change in water quality is brought about through the application of physical
define surface water treatment rule swtrswtr sets forth primary drinking water regulations requiring treatment of surface water supplies or
explain the national primary drinking water standardssafe drinking water act sdwa 1974 required epa to establish maximum contaminant levels mcls for
define hardness - chemical characteristics of watercaused by any polyvalent cations mainly calcium and magnesium expressed as mgl as caco3 causes
acidity and alkalinity - chemical characteristics of wateraciditycapacity to neutralize bases and is a measure of acids in water acidity is measured
define major ions present in the water cations calcium magnesium sodium potassiumanions bicorabonate sulfate chlorideother ions present iron
the following test results were obtained for a 100 ml wastewater sample taken at the inlet to wastewater treatment plant the tests were performed
the most probable value of the following observations on the same angle 35ordm 17 42 35ordm 17 38 35ordm 18 00 35ordm 17 22 35ordm 17 42 is
if the standard deviation of an observation is plusmn 10-ft the most probable error would bethe most probable error is defined as the error for which
geotechnical project specifications require that the soils optimum moisture content of 24 be maintained during the roadbeds construction the
sheet rock cannot be installed in the new house you are building until a building inspector approves the plumbing electrical hvac and insulation
a finish-to-finish activity is best described asthe from activity must finish before the to activity can finishthe from activity must finish before
schedule control is concerned with all of the following except a influencing the factors which create schedule changesb determining that the schedule
common ways to present the project schedule include all excepta gantt chartsb milestone chartsc pert chartsd project network diagrams with dates
calculate roller productionan excavating contractor determined through a test strip that a smooth steel-wheel vibrating roller compactor operating at
define the statements about error analysisi the expected value or most likely probable value of a measurement is the value that has the highest