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define the predominant factor in atmospheric corrosionthe predominant factor in atmospheric corrosion in areas located above splash zone is moisture
define the categories of corrosion of steel structures corrosion of steel structures can be classified as under- atmospheric
define corrosion - deterioration of steel structurescorrosion is the principle cause of deterioration of steel structures corrosion of steel is an
define types of deterioration in steel substructurethere are 5 major types of deterioration in steel substructure in the marine environment-
define steel substructure - underwater inspection of bridgesteel is used as a structural material and as external protective cladding on concrete
define masonry substructure- underwater inspection of bridgein early days masonry particularly stone masonry was extensively used for bridge piers
define marine growth - underwater inspection of bridgegenerally in seawater marine growth takes place acid generated by the marine growth attacks
define contaminants - underwater inspection of bridgethere are various substances that may be inadvertently incorporated into the concrete matrix eg
define alkali aggregate reaction - chemical deteriorationsometimes high alkali cement reacts with minerals in certain aggregates and forms expansive
define carbonation - underwater inspection of bridgecarbon dioxide is present in the air and attacks the concrete directly it has the effect of
define chlorides - underwater inspection of bridgechlorides do not attack plain concrete when present in the concentrations that normally exist in
define sulphate attack - underwater inspection of bridgecement contains a proportion of tricalcium aluminates which takes part in the hydration
define chemical deterioration - underwater inspection of bridgechemical deterioration may occur in concrete which has not been properly compacted or
define the impact damage - underwater inspection of bridgeimpact from moving vessels or logs carried during the floods can inflict damage to the
define the cavitation - underwater inspection of bridgecavitation damage is caused by repeated impact forces caused by collapse of vapour bubbles in
define the abrasion - underwater inspection of bridgeabrasion damage is caused by continuous action of external forces on the surface of the concrete
define the disintegration - underwater inspection of bridgedisintegration of concrete may be defined as the deterioration of concrete into small
q what do you mean by scourwhenever a bridge crosses a waterway even a small or intermittent one scour is a dangerous effect that can damage bridge
q underwater problems in bridge constructionthe major bridge construction materials are steel and concrete in the past stone and brick masonry with
define categories of spalls -underwater inspection of bridgespalls are classified as follows i small spalls - up to 25 mm deep or approximately
define the spalling - underwater inspection of bridgea spall is a roughly circular or oval depression in the concrete corroding reinforcement can
define the cracking - underwater inspection of bridgea crack is a linear fracture in concrete there can be several types of cracks starting from
define the categories of scalingscaling is classified into following three categoriesi light scale - loss of surface mortar up to 5 mm deep with
explain the scaling - underwater inspection of bridgesscaling is the gradual and continuing loss of the surface mortar and aggregate over an area
define physical deterioration - underwater inspection of bridgestypical defects include- scaling- cracking- spalling-