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q what do you mean by no fines concretesometimes no fines concrete is used in houses due to its good thermal insulation properties essentially no
q mechanism of plastic settlement in fresh concretewithin a few hours after placing of fresh concrete plastic concrete can experience cracking due to
q mild steel and high yield steel in water-retaining structurein designing water-retaining structures movement joints may be installed in parallel
q minimum and maximum area of reinforcementminimum area of reinforcement vs maximum area of reinforcementbeams can be designed to be larger than
q minimum and maximum distance between barsminimum distance between bars and maximum distance between bars in some codes a minimum distance amid bars
movement accommodation factor is normally specified by manufacturers of joint sealants for designers to design dimension of joints it is stated as
measurement of cement and aggregates - by weight vs by volumemeasurement of constituents for concrete is usually carried out by weight since of the
q location of construction jointsconstruction joints are generally required in construction works since there is limited supply of fresh concrete in
q longitudinal steel ndash an enhancement of shear strength furthermore to shear resistance provided by shear reinforcement shear forces in a
q define lap length of reinforcementin some structural codes lap length of reinforcement is simplified to be a certain percentage eg 25 higher than
q lifting hoops in precast concrete - mild steel vs high yield steel strength of high yield steel is undoubtedly higher than mild steel and therefore
joint filler in concrete expansion joints - a mustpresence of joint filler is required to the proper functioning of concrete joints however some may
q indirect tensile strength in water-retaining structures crack width formation is dependent on the early tensile strength of concrete principle of
q what do you mean by ggbs ndash cement replacementfrom structural point of view ggbs replacement enhances higher durability lower heat of hydration
q formation of pedestrian level winds around buildingswhen a building blocks the wind blowing across it part of the wind will escape over the top of
effect of rusting on steel reinforcement corrosion of steel reinforcement inside a concrete structure is undesirable in the subsequent ways i
effect of concrete placing temperature on early thermal movementrate of hydration of cement paste is related to placing temperature of concrete rate
q disadvantages of excessive concrete coversin reinforced concrete structures cover is generally provided to protect steel reinforcement from
differences between epoxy grout cement grout and cement mortarepoxy grout comprises epoxy resin epoxy hardener and aggregatessandas a matter of fact
q concrete cover to enhance fire resistancein the event of exposing concrete structures to a fire a temperature gradient is established across the
q corrosion protection of lifting anchors in precast concretecorrosion of lifting anchors in precast concrete units has to be prevented since the
q what is critical steel ratiocritical steel ratio - only consider 250mm of concrete from outer facethe purpose of critical steel ratio is to control
crack width limitation lt05mm control reinforcement corrosionin many standards and code of practice of numerous countries allowable size of crack
q coating on concrete ndash complete im-permeability to moisturein designing protective coating on concrete structures stoppage of water ingress by
bonding performance to concrete epoxy-coated bars vs galvanized bars based on the findings of ceb bulletin 211 the bonding of galvanized bars to