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radial flow pumps for small flows and high headsin radial flow pumps a diffuservolute is generally designed at it outlet to convert the kinetic
pressure balance method vs compressed air method in pipe jackingpressure balance method generally requires the use of mechanically operated
purposes of subdivision of tunnelling faces in sprayed concrete linings scl methodin using sprayed concrete lining methods for lining a large tunnel
purpose of embedding puddle flange inside the walls of closed valve chamberswhen valves are closed to stop water flow in a pipeline a thrust is
q potential advantages of segmental tunnelling when compared with hand-shield pipe-jackingin segmental tunnelling jacks are installed at the shield
q number of segments for segmental linings in tunnellingfor the construction of tunnels by segmental linings choice of the number of segments affects
q necessity of air valves in pressurized pipelinesair valves are broadly categorized into two major types single air valves and double air valves
minimum volume of sump volume for pumpsmaximum pumping rate qpvolume of sump vinflow rate qicycle time tc t1 t2t1 v qp - qit2 v qitc minimum
q grouting in segmental linings in tunnelsgrouting is typically carried out under pressure in segmental linings at the time of tunnel construction
ground settlement occurs ahead or behind the jacking face for pipe-jackingits reported by lake 1992 that settlements are expected at ground surface
ground settlement occurs when pipe-jacking machine enters mixed ground with soils and bouldersthe rate of cutting through soils is faster than
q segmentally lined and sprayed concrete linings tunnelsthe fundamental difference between segmentally lined tunnels and scl tunnels is that the
while designing the lug angles with the channel section what does quotthe force not acccounted for by the direct connection of memberquot
q differences between pipe jacking and micro-tunnellingpipe jacking is a general scheme of installation of pipes with a tunnelling shield in front
q differences between open shield and closed shieldopen shield type tbm refers to those providing lateral support only they can be further classified
ductile iron pipes vs mild steel pipes as pressurized pipelines for water main pipe size less than 600mm ductile iron is generally used since
q complete embedment of pipelines into thrust blocks for unreinforced concrete thrust blocks in bends and tees for pressurized pipelines its
backward curved vanes vs forward curved vanes in pumps power of a pump is related to discharge as followspower k1q k2q2 tan awhere k1 and k2
q axial flow pumps for large flows and low headsit is well known that axial flow pumps are the most suitable for providing large flows and low heads
q air chamber vs surge tank in pressurized pipelinesair chambers and surge tanks are generally installed in water main to ease the stress on the
q residual stresses in steel after weldingconsiderable residual stresses are persuaded in connecting steel members after welding operation local
q paint system to protect steelwork from corrosionin a typical painting system there are generally three main layers primer undercoat and finishing
q internal force of preloaded fastenersforce in a bolt in a bolted joint relies on the preloading force applied to it at the time of the tightening
interface between base plates and footings surface of footings is generally quite rough so that some levelling has to be carried out for base plates
q insulating washer between steel bolts and aluminium platescorrosion of aluminium can be activated by putting it in contact with another metal in