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introduction -karl von baer - coined the term cleavage swammerdom - first time seen cleavageprevost and dumas - reported cleavage of frogs egg
parthenogenesisthe development of egg to form an animal without fertilization is called as parthnogenesisparthenogenesis was discovered by charles
significance of fertilization -1 in fertilization process number of chromosome are diploid in zygote2 during
errors in fertilization -1 polyspermy - when more than one sperms are fused in an ovum this condition is called
types of fertilization -on the basis of site of fertilization it is of two types - 1 external fertilization 2 internal
introduction -fertilization is a complex process which involves fusion of male amp female gametesthe male gamete in animals is called as sperm amp
difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis -snospermatogenesisoogenesis1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10it take place in
eggs of eutheriathis egg is small amp round the dimeter of human egg is 01 mmit has very little amount of yolk but they are also as alecithal eggthe
eggs of frogthis egg is round amp its diameter is of 1-2 mmit is mesolecithal amp has distinct animal pole amp vegital polethe nucleus is found in
eggs of insectthis eggs is centrolecithal and it is elliptical it diameter is 2-3 mmit has two eggs membrane ie vitelline membrane and chitinous
formation of egg membraneovum with egg membrane is called ova egg on the basis of origin the egg membrane are of three types
types of spermmainly two types 1 flagellated sperm - generally all sperm are monoflagelated but in todfish or opsonus sperm is biflagelated2 non
spermatocytogenesisin this process four spermatid develop from one pgci multiplication phasethe spermotogonia or sperm mother cells lie next to the
the process by which gametes are produced in the gonads is known as gametogenesisthe process of formation of male gametes or sperm is known as
fundamental characters of embryonic development1 gametogenesis-testes amp ovaries are collectively called as gonads similarly
branches of embryology-1 descriptive embryologythis field of embryology is associated with the morphological description of
theory of pangenesis -proposed by charles darwinaccording this miniature present in the every body cell ie called
germ layer theory -proposed by pander studied chick embryo developmentcoined the term ectoderm mesoderm amp
organizer theory -it was propounded by spemann 1901he was given nobel prize of 1935 for this wrokhe studied the embryonic development of frog newt
gradient theory -it was given by t boveri amp was supported by mc childchild called it as metabolic axial gradient theoryaccording to it the egg has
regulative theoryit was propounded by hens drieschhe performed experiments on the eggs of sea urchin similar to the experiments performed by rouxhe
mosaic thoery -it was given by w rouxhe studied the development of frogs egg he destroyed one cells by a hot needle out of 2-cells formed as a result
germ plasm theory -it was proposed by weismannaccording to it two types of cells are formed during embryonic development viz - germ cell amp somatic
baers law -it was given by ke von baer von baer was the first scientist who studied the embryology systematicallyaccording to it in the embryonic
theory of epigenesis -it was propounded by c f wolff and supported by von baeraccording to it the egg contains the substances which are required in