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chromosomes and their organizationduring division phase the duplicated chromatin fibres become extremely shortened
division phase or mitosis m- phasecell division was first observed by naegeli 1842 in plant cells but thoroughly described by eduard
importance of fat synthesis and storage as is clear from above account all surplus nutrients digested and absorbed
fat metabolismanimals digest and utilize three main types of fatty compounds or lipids neutral or true fats triglycerides
krebs cyclethe acetyl group of acetyl co a is now completey degraded stepwise into carbon and hydrogen
anaerobic oxidation embden meyerhof pathwaythe initial stage of biological oxidiation includes a series of nine main
gluconeogenesis when diet is deficient incarbohydrates glucose or glycogen is formed from noncarbohydrate compounds principally from
anabolism and lipogenesis beside the glucose stored as glycogen some glucose of blood isanabolized in everybody cell
glycogenolysis it is breakdown of glycogen to glucose by means of the reaction series shown in figure 611
glycogenesis this is an anabolic process in which glucose is polymerized into glycogen by the sequence of
carbohydrate metabolismthe endproducts of carbohydrate digestion absorbed into the blood and taken to the liver by hepatic portal vein
mechanism of enzyme action the action of enzymes is to lower the activation energy or threshold of their substrates which
classification of enzymes enzymes are classified into the following six main categories in according with the nature of reaction the
the biological catalysis enzymebiological catalysis are called enzyme an enzyme can be defined as an organic substance that tremendously
metabolic cataysisa large number of chemical reaction occur every moment in a cell to keep it in the living state the
adp-atp system of energy exchange in 1929 lohmann fiske and subbarow published their discovery that the energy
biological energy whenever matter is broken down its chemical energy is released as heat non biological system can utilize this heat energy directly
chemical energy of matter as is obvious from the above account living cells obtain energy by breaking c-c and c-h
energy cycle of living beingsource of energy all matter locks energy in the from of bonds between component
thermodynamicsthermodynamics tells us that every transformation of matter chemical transformation is accompanied with energy
anabolism and catabolismcellular metabolism has two aspects 1 anabolism this aspect includes metabolic
cells is a miniature chemical factorydue to its incessant metabolic processes a living cell earns the attribute of a
what is metabolism the sum total of vital activities movements nutrition growth respiration excretion reproduction behaviour etc is
nucleusfirst described and christened by robert brown 1831 a nucleus is the largest and most important organelle of eukaryotic cells it is membrane
ribosomes are minute nonmembranous and dense spheroidal particles or granules first observed by electron