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sphaerosomealso known as plant lysosome because they contain hydrolytic enzymeshanstein first observed them and called microsomesdiscovered by
chemical composition of chromatinchromatin threads composed of dna 31 rna 2-5 and proteins histon-36 non histon 28histone and protamines are basic
nucleoplasm or karyoplasm or karyolymph or nuclear sapnucleoplasm and cytoplasm name proposed by e strassburger chemical composition of nucleoplasm
nucleus -largest component of the cellnucleus is double membrane bound dense protoplasmic body that controls cellular metabolism enclose all the
difference between ribosome and plant virus - ribosome rna protein plant virus rna protein 1 does not multiply 2 here more than
forms of ribosomes1 bound form - attached to er protein synthesis for secretion purpose occurs on bound
ribosomes -it is also known as protein factory engine of the cellribosomes are smallest cell organelles 150 x 250 aringunit membrane less cell
origin1 from pro plastid2 division3 endosymbiotic origin from a
types of plastids1 leucoplaststhese are present in ground parts of plants internal parts of herbaceous stems and deep tissues of plants where sun
origin of er1 originates from plasma membrane2 according to haguenau eroriginates from nebenkern germ center
functions of er1 mechanical support - er participates in formation of cytoskeleton with microfilaments microtubules and
enzymes of ernumerous enzymes have been found associated with its membranes glucose-6-phosphatase is the marker enzyme of er the chief being those
typeser consists of two types - 1 rough er 2 smooth
functions1 intracellular digestion - individual cells may obtain food through phagocytosis the same is digested with the help of
lysosomeslysosomes are small vesicles which are bounded by a single membrane amp contain hydrolytic enzymes in the form of minute crystalline or semi
functions1 cell secretion - golgi body is concerned with secretion export of macromolecules secretion involves three steps-a
golgi apparatusit is a complex cyctoplasmic structure made up of smooth membrane saccules or cisternae a network of tubules with vessicles and
biogenesis of mitochondriade novo formation ie new formation it is not confirmednew mitochondria are formed by division amitosis of pre-existing
functions of mitochondriacell oxidation - mitochondria plays an important role in atp synthesis during aerobic respiration mitochondria are known as
mitochondriait is the power house of the cell because they are the major centers of release of energy in the aerobic respirationmitochondria and
transport through pmpm regulates transport of materials in and outside of cell pm is semi- permeable as it allows rapid passage to water molecules pm
drawbacks of lamellar modelthis model does not explain the elasticity of pm although this model says that pm is elastic but it also states that head
lipoidal modelsaccording to overton 1902 plasma membrane consists of single layer of lipid because cell permeability is related to lipidsaccording to
compositionproteins 44-76 lipids 20-53 carbohydrates 1-8 protein-lipid ratio 08 1 to 4 1most of lipid are
cell coat glycocalyxpresent in protists and animal cellsusually made of oligosaccharide side chains of glycolipids and glycoproteinscell coat has