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characteristics of man -humans posses erect posture and bipedal locomotionhumans possess large sized brainhumans are less dependent on smellhumans
evolution of man -mammals evolved from primitive reptiles therapsida in triassic period about 210 million years agomammals existed as inconspicuous
species concept -according to davis and heywood species define as assemblage of individuals with morphological features in common and separable from
speciation -origin of new species an isolated population of a species independently develops different types of mutationsthe later accumulate in its
reproductive isolation -according to the biological species concept members of one species are reproductively isolated from members of all other
difference between artificial selection and natural selection -snoartificial selectionnatural selection1it is an artificial processit is a natural
artificial selection -man selects the individuals having the desired traits and separates them from those which do not possess such charactersthe
causes of variation -effect of environmental conditionschange in the gene pattern like -a random distribution of homologous genes in meiosisb
types of variations -somatogenic and blastogenic variationchanges in somatic parts of the body are somatic variations eg wrestlers muscle circumcised
variations -defined as dissimilarities of features among members of the same speciesoffsprings of same parent are different and also differ from
hardy - weinberg law -proposed by gh hardy and w weinberg in 1908 independentlythe law states the frequency of genes or alleles in a population
population genetics and evolution-population is the number of all individual of same species in a defined area at a particular time as per modem
neo darwinism or synthetic theory of evolution -it is the synthesis of the ideas of neo darwinians as a new theory of evolution based upon recent
evidence in favour of the mutation thoery -mutation theory can explain both progressive and retrogressive evolution and the occurrence of both
criticism of darwinism -arrival of the fittest darwinism explains the survival of the fittest but was unable to account for the arrival of the
examples of natural selection -1 industrial melanism -first studied by fischer amp ford 1845 on pepperd moth biston betularia
theory of pangenesis -to make up the weakness of inheritance darwin in this theory assumed the existence of pangenes gem mules as small units
principles of darwinism -1 overproduction prodigality -all organisms have enormous fertility and they multiply in geometric
theory of natural selection or darwinismtheory of charies darwin 1809 - 1882 about evolution marks the beginning of an era in understanding of
difference between lamarckism and neo-lamarckism -snolamarckismneo-lamarckism1it refers of the originalit refers to the modified version of lamarcks
neo-lamarckismmodem modified form of lamarck theory is regarded as neo-lamarckismmc dougall 1938 found that time taken for training the mice was
theory of germplasm -august weismann 1834-1914 criticized the inheritance of acquired characters by putting forward the theory of continuity of
taxonomic evidences -taxonomy is the classification of organism the gradual development in the complexity of organisms with specialized characters
physiology and biochemistry -ample and concrete evidence of organic evolution are obtained from the functional activity and chemical composition of
living fossils -1limulus king living fossils -1limulus king