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homopolysaccharides homoglycansthese are complex carbohydrats that are formed by repeated condensation or polymerisation of only one type of
polysaccharidespolysaccharides are complex carbohydratespolysaccharides are also called glycansthese are insoluble in waterpolysaccharides are not
tetrasaccharidesthe oligosaccharides are formed by condensation of four monosaccharidestrachyose is a nonreducing tetrasaccharide found in plants as
trisaccharidesthe oligosaccharides are made of three monosaccharide residuesa common trisaccharides is raffinose which is formed by condensation of
disaccharidesthey are oligosaccharides composed of two monosaccharide residues three common disaccharides are sucrose glucose fructose cane
oligosaccharidesthey are small-sized polymers of monosaccharides having 2 - 6 simple sugars occasionally upto 9 - 10oligosaccharides are soluble in
chemical propertiesmonosaccharides have two special chemical propertiesi reducing natureall the monosaccharides are reducing sugarsit can reduce cu2
physical propertiesall monosaccharides which have an asymmetric carbon are able to rotate polarized light either to left side laevorotatory or
monosaccharide derivativesthey are modified monosaccharidesglycosidesthey are compounds formed by condensation reaction between a sugar and hydroxyl
carbohydratescarbohydrate hydrate of carbonhydroxyl group presentaldehyde group or keto group may presentcarbohydrates are polyhydroxy
organic compounds -they are substances having both carbon and hydrogen which are commonly biological in originorganic compounds can be micromolecules
gasesthere are 4 gases in the protoplasm which remain dissolved in its free waterthese 4 gases are follows-
wateroccurencewater is the most abundant substance covering 70 of earths surfaceit constitutes 60-90 of living cells
fluorideit is mostly available in drinking waterfluoride is essential for the formation of enamel of the teethdeficiency of fluoride causes weakness
iodinethe element is available is drinking water vegetables and fishtable salts are also compulsorily iodized to provide iodine in the dietall sea
sodiumthe element is available in table salta proper balance of sodium and potassium is essentialits absorption is under control of aldasteronethe
magnesium - it is available in most of the plants especially vegetablesby its deficiency diarrhoea is causedits important functions are
sulphurthe major sources of sulphur are crucifers and animal proteinsproteins present in pulses have little sulphur therefore other vegetable
copperit is a trace element which is available in most of the fruitsmaximum in heart brain kidney amp crustaceansby its deficiency monkins disease is
ironit is present in bread potatoes green vegetables especially spinach lettuce cocoa raisins red meat liver kidney egg yolk etciron is also
phosphorusit is present in vegetables grains oat metal wheat meal milk eggs cheese meat fish etcit helps in -a like calcium it is a constituent of
calciumit is the most abundant mineral of animal bodycalcium is available in all types of vegetables grain milk cheese eggs fish and butterby its
inorganic substancesthey are small simple low molecular weight substances which are made of elements other than carbon and hydrogen combined
cytochemistry of protoplasm -it is supper mixture or mixture of mixtures34 elements present in it13 elements are universal eg c h o n p k s cl na ca
physical properties of protoplasm -1 phase reversal - due to difference in temperature outer part is gel and inner part of