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determination of the age of fossil -radioactive clock boltwood-1907 - half life of uranium is 45 billion yearsthis means half of total uranium
mass extinction -since beginning many species evolved and got extinct in fact only 1 is livingsometimes it occured suddenly at large scale most
palynofossils microfossils -fossils of planktons diatoms unicellular algae diatoms and shelled protozoans heliozoans radiolarian and foraminifera
types of fossils -snofossilexamplemode of formation1unalteredpreservationwooly mammoths 25000 yearsold ice in siberia mummies insectwhole bodies
fossilisation -the organisms are preserved and fossilized when they are buried in the ice in an oil rich soil in the lava of volcano in swamps in
evidences of evolution -the evidences of organic evolution derived from many lines of study indicate that present day forms have arisen by gradual
death -it is universalit is last event in the degenerative process of ageingit involves widspread cell break down amp cell deaththere is no heart
entropy -transfer of energy takes place from high energy level to low energy levelrudolf clausius gave this termduring it there is collision of
energy transformation -during photosynthesis radiant energy is converted into chemical energy by green plantsin biluminiscent organisms eg glow worm
life as an expression of energy changes -energy is explained as capacity of body to do workenergy may be as potential stored or kinetic expended
adaptation -characters that make an organism to adjust well and suited to its way of lifevariation occur in living organism due to change in
reproduction -it is not only production of new ones to increases its number but a means for the survival of a population on earthmain aim is survival
role of nucleic acids -these are dna rna unit is nucleotidespresent in viruses and all cellsdna is concerned as genetic materialrna as genetic
role of fat or lipids -made up of fatty acids amp glycerol linked by ester bondmaximum quantity of energy is libratedhelpful in temperature
role of protein -main organic component of body unit is amino acid polymer of amino acidsamino acids combine to each other by peptide bondformation
role of glucose -maximum part of energy in percentage is obtained by oxidation of glucoseenergy is released quicklyin blood 1 glucose c6h12o6
role of nacl -it forms 9 of blood of mammal it forms 7 of blood of frogbicarbonates of na act as buffer for ph constancyinvolved in active transport
role of water -in general water constitutes 60-90 of protoplasm average 80it forms 23 of human body weight ie 6666due to electrophillic nature of o
metabolism -word given by shwannit includes bio-chemical reactions occur in body may be constructive or destructiveit includes -
biology in dispelling myths and misbeliefs -varieties of myths still exist in our society and can be removed by the knowledge of biology some of
scope of biology-present century is witnessing explosion of information in modem biology directly related to life and health issues like global
differences between hypothesis and theory - 1hypothesis it is a reasoned or educated guess about a 1theory theory of a
scientific method -the scientific approach to explain a particular phenomenon require a series of organized steps based on common sense it is called
serendipidity -sometimes discoveries are made unexpectedly matter of chance this is serendipidity examples -1 structural
emergence of contemporary biology -1 aristotle 384-322bc - greekclassified animal species and arranged them in