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care of psychoemotional aspectsicu area is an area which is cut off from outside world modem icus are built in such a way that the sensory
prevention of infection1 strict asepsis practiced in icu 2 all the invasive lines are covered with sterile-drape 3
immediate care 24- 72 hoursall monitoring and medications continued flushing of arterial lines are done at regular intervals with heparin flush as
cardiac care on admission first two hoursecg is monitored by more than one lead three to five left atrial pressure arterial bp central venous
chest drainage tubes 24-72 hourscontinue milking of chest tube hourly monitor the amount colour and record on the flow chart assess
respiratory care on admission first two hourspatient is incubated and ventilator-dependent monitor blood gases hourly and take corrective
immediate post-operative carethe patient is accompanied to the icu by a surgeon anesthetist and the nurse who assisted for the surgery with
preparation of icucardiac surgical icu is generally connected to the operation theatre so that the patient can be wheeled into the icu after
post-operative care of patients the first few days following cardiac operations are the most critical in terms of the patients survival the safety
preparation on the morning of surgerymorning care hygiene bowel and bladder emptying oral hygiene remove dentures if any no
preparation on the previous day of operationremove all the jewellery nail polish cut nails the patients body is cleaned - shaving from
pre-operative teachingbrief explanation-anatomy physiology of the cardio-respiratory system the disease and the operation which is going to
early pre-operative care 1 admission of patient-usual admission procedure to be completed2 assessment of the patient3 history4 physical
pre-operative nursing management of cardiac surgical patientscardiac surgical patients generally get investigated thoroughly before getting referred
the pumpsthe blood from the operating field is sucked with the help of the cardiotomy sucker and pump which is filtered to remove all
hypothermia as the blood passes through the oxygenator hypothermia machine allows the blood to cool to the required temperature generally the
heparinisationblood when allowed to flow out from body to the circuit tubings can get clotted to prevent this heparinisation is done patient
hemoconcentrationbefore during and after cpb hemoconcentration allows the patients blood to be salvaged during surgery to help reduce the need
principles of cardiopulmonary bypass mechanism cpbwhat is cpb it is a technique by which the mechanical function of the heart and respiratory
advantagesdurability of these vales are long lasting disadvantagesneed for anticoagulant therapy is life long risk of thrombo-embolism is
mechanical valvesthey are made of a combination of metal alloys pyrolite carbon and dacrontypes of mechanical valvescaged-ball valve star-edwards
advantages of tissue valves need for anticoagulation therapy is only for a short duration in xenograft and only there is rare need for
valve replacementreplacement of the diseased valve is done this is done biologic tissue valves or mechanical valves three types of biologic tissue
open heart surgerythese surgeries are done under alternative arrangements to continue oxygenated systemic blood supply while the heart is operated
closed heart surgeryblind operations and access is obtained into the heart through incision on the ventricular or atrial wallcommonest closed