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inversionwe know that atmosphere is heated from below and warm air rises but air can be prevented from rising by a condition known as inversion an
air movements at tropical latitudeslet us now explain air movements at tropical latitudes the surface air that rushes to fill the equatorial void
pressure gradientyou know that air pressure is the weight of the atmosphere over a unit area of the earths surface the average air pressure at sea
adaptationsevery organism can live and reproduce within a certain range of climatic conditions organisms that live in hot or cold environments have
extremes of heat and colddeserts are regions of aridity with rainfall of less than 20 cm per year and the soil though l fertile is too porous to
altitudinal variationswe know that temperature decreases with increasing altitude this is mainly due to convection currents in the troposphere - the
temperaturetemperature is a major physical environmental factor which profoundly influences the vital activities of living organisms like metabolism
photoperiodismactivity like breeding and migration in animals flowering seed germination in plants are regulated by the length of daily period of
light and distributionwe have mentioned in the beginning that the variation in the amount of light generally affects the global and local
solar energy inputwe know that the spectral distribution and the intensity of solar radiation incident on the earths surface are known of the
lightall of us know that the sun is the ultimate source of energy for all activities in our biosphere the electromagnetic radiations from the sun
size of ecosystemas you know an ecosystem may be as small and as simple as a cow dung pad or as complex and large as an ocean or the biosphere itself
consumers heterotrophs other nourishing are incapable of photosynthesis and depend on organic food derived from animals plants or both consumers can
producersautotrophs self-nourishing are green plants as they synthesise carbohydrates from simple inorganic raw materials like carbon dioxide and
components of ecosystemthe components of the ecosystem can be categorised into abiotic or non-living and biotic orliving componentsabiotic components
ecosystemplants animals and human beings live in association with a wide variety of other plants and animals these communities of organisms are not
trophic structureorganisms in a community are closely interrelated with each other through feeding relationshipsanother aspect which is quite obvious
mutual interrelationship among individuals of a communitymutual interrelationship includes all the direct and indirect effects that organisms have
species diversityan important attribute of a community is its species diversity the diversity is calculated both by the number of species richness
dominancein each community a few over topping species are present in greater bulk by their greater number or biomass living weight the dominant
growth-form and structurein a community the number of species and size of their populations vary greatly a community may have one or several species
types of communityon the basis of size and degree of relative independence communities may be divided into two typesi major communitythese are
communityif you look around yourself you will notice that populations of plants and animals seldom occur by themselves the reason for this is quite
populationyou must be familiar with the term population it is one of the most talked about issues of this century it is feared that the rapid growth
environment all organisms are intimately dependent on the environment from which they derive their sustenance organisms from virus to man are