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size of ecosystemas you know an ecosystem may be as small and as simple as a cow dung pad or as complex and large as an ocean or the biosphere itself
consumers heterotrophs other nourishing are incapable of photosynthesis and depend on organic food derived from animals plants or both consumers can
producersautotrophs self-nourishing are green plants as they synthesise carbohydrates from simple inorganic raw materials like carbon dioxide and
components of ecosystemthe components of the ecosystem can be categorised into abiotic or non-living and biotic orliving componentsabiotic components
ecosystemplants animals and human beings live in association with a wide variety of other plants and animals these communities of organisms are not
trophic structureorganisms in a community are closely interrelated with each other through feeding relationshipsanother aspect which is quite obvious
mutual interrelationship among individuals of a communitymutual interrelationship includes all the direct and indirect effects that organisms have
species diversityan important attribute of a community is its species diversity the diversity is calculated both by the number of species richness
dominancein each community a few over topping species are present in greater bulk by their greater number or biomass living weight the dominant
growth-form and structurein a community the number of species and size of their populations vary greatly a community may have one or several species
types of communityon the basis of size and degree of relative independence communities may be divided into two typesi major communitythese are
communityif you look around yourself you will notice that populations of plants and animals seldom occur by themselves the reason for this is quite
populationyou must be familiar with the term population it is one of the most talked about issues of this century it is feared that the rapid growth
environment all organisms are intimately dependent on the environment from which they derive their sustenance organisms from virus to man are
subdivisions of ecologyecology was earlier divided into plant and animal ecology however modem ecology does not make any such distinction since
history of ecologythe roots of ecology lie in natural history which is as old as human civilisation itself as a matter of fact man indulged in
ecologyvery often a word has a precise well-defined meaning in scientific literature but is loosely used in everyday language it is therefore
microbodiesperoxisomes and glyoxysomes are microbodies formed from er which superficially resemble the lysosomes peroxisomes are spherical bodies
endocytosis and exocytosisendocytosis is the process by which substances are brought into the cell from outside by formation of membrane bound
polymorphism in lysosomespolymorphism ie existence of a structure in more than one form is an important feature of lysosomes several different forms
recycling of plasma membrane componentsduring exocytosis secretory vesicles fuse with plasma membrane adding to the membrane surface area yet the
rough and smooth endoplasrnic reticulum rer and serer is differentiated into two regions granular or rough endoplasrnic reticulum rer and agranular
cinemicrographyearlier it was impossible to follow the evenvts within the cell due toi non-visibility of cell organelles under a light microscopeii
tissue cultureit is an important technique for maintaining apm or piece of animal or plant tissue alive after their culture dishes it is necessary to
autoradiographyautoradiography is a modification of the radioactive tracer technique in this technique the radioactivity is detected by a thin film