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foot as burrowing organ the scaphopoda that usually have burrowing habit possess foot suitably modified for burrowing purpose the conical and
locomotion in mollusca the major locomotor organ in mollusca is the foot which is a characteristic feature of these animals in its simplest form the
locomotion in arthropoda the arthropods are characterized by the existence of some special features which can be considered key to their success
burrowing - mechanics of locomotionsome polychaetes are burrowing instance is glycerides and capitellidae their parapodia are smaller burrowing is
rapid crawling and swimmingrapid crawlingthis movement depends upon mainly on the contralateral waves of contraction of the longitudinal muscles of
slow walking or crawling this type of locomotion is seen while the animal moves on the substratum it involves a metachronal rhythm of action in the
mechanics of locomotion among annelids polychaetes hence more primitive than the other two groups show a more complex mode of locomotion necessarily
locomotory structures annelids possess three kinds of locomotory structures namely parapodia setae and suckers parapodia are segmentally arranged
hydrostatic skeleton the functioning of the hydrostatic skeleton in an animal depends upon the musculature being arranged around an enclosed volume
body musculature - locomotionthe layout of the muscle layers surrounding the coelom is necessarily the same in all the major classes of annelida the
locomotion in annelida before we discuss the details of locomotion in annelids we have to recapitulate the major subdivisions of the phylum annelida
variety of locomotiona number of animals are sendentary remaining attached to some substratum these animals may move parts of their body but this
locomotionall animals simple or complex are able of performing necessary bodily functions one of these functions is locomotion motility is one of the
advantages of metagenesis in cnidaria in this you have studied that a huge number of cnidarian colonies are polymorphic and exhibit alternation of
skeleton - animal kingdomyou all know that the skeleton forms the framework of the body of different organisms in the animal kingdom besides giving
class holothuroidea body cucumber-such as no arms no spines no pedicellariae ossicles minute and embedded in muscular wall anus present tube feet
reproductive system of asteroideasexes are separate in several asteroids there are ten 10 gonads two in each arm they emerge tuft-like or as cluster
nervous system of asteroideathe nervous system of steroids is not ganglionated and is closely related with epidermis it consists mainly of a
circulation respiration and excretion of asteroideaasteroids depend upon the circulation of coelomic fluid for the transport of gases and some
digestive system of class asteroideamost asteroids are scavengers or carnivores and feed on snails bivalves polychaets other echinoderms fish sponges
class bivalvia body in a bilohed mantle enclosed in a two-valved shell head reduced mouth with labial palps but no radula foot wedge-shaped
class gastropodabody asymmetrical depicts torsion or its effects shell coiled in most well developed head with radula large flat foot gills one or
class of mollusca - aplacophora worm-like no shell head or excretory organs mantle with chitinous cuticle or scales or spicules mantle cavity
class of mollusca - monoplacophora bilaterally symmetrical with broad flat foot and single shell mantle cavity has five to six pairs of gills six
class of subphylum uniramia - insectaclass insecta consists of nearly a million described species there are more species of insects as compared to