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tracheae - respiratory organstracheal respiration is characteristic of insects onychophorans diplopods arachnids and chilopods as well use tracheal
lungs - respiratory organsin arachnid arthropods such as scorpion and spider respiration takes place by means of book lungs there are four pairs of
respiratory organs these are the organs regarded with the gaseous exchange ie intake of oxygen and output of carbon dioxide they have generally
phases of respiration in animalsthe procedures of respiration in these animals have the following phasesi external respiration is usually described
characteristic feature of respirationfrom our opinion we may say that the characteristic feature of respiration is the intake of oxygen and the
respiratory system in living organismsrespiration is a necessary physiological process in all living organisms by which they obtain energy for
osmoregulation in freshwater metazoans freshwater and brackish water animals that are live in hypoosmoticof lower osmotic pressure environment and
osmoregulation in marine non-chordate metazoans studies on the osmotic pressure of body fluids of marine organisms have displayed that their internal
water relations in terrestrial environmentinsects are the largest group of metazoans which have most successfully invaded the terrestrial environment
osmoregulation in non-chordate metazoanspreviously you have studied that in protozoans particularly fresh water protozoans contractile vacuoles play
coelomoducts in polyplacophorain polyplacophora the coelomoducts divide in the region of coelomostome and the gonadal cavities become closed off from
coelomoducts of molluscs in molluscs like in crustacea nephridia are absent but certain of the larval pulmonates do possess protonephridia suggesting
malpighian tubules other arthropods like insects and myriapods and arachnids have malpighian tubules the outgrowths of alimentary canal like
coxal glandsthere is a pair of coxal glands in almost all the segments in onychophora peripatus developmentally in every segment a hollow follicle or
protonephridia and metanephridia nephridia take place in two major forms - the protonephridium and metanephridium protonephridia are found in flat
excretion in non-chordatesexcretion as described under introduction of this unit refers to removal of the waste products of metabolism - carbon
crustacea - feeding and digestion in arthropodsbranchiopods anacostraca give a good instance for filter feeding mechanism the appendages are of
cephalopods - feeding and digestion in molluscscephalopods are carnivorous tentacles or arms are food capturing organs the number of tentacles
gastropods - feeding and digestion in molluscsin several gastropods the digestion is extracellular though some herbivore gastropods like crepidula
hirudinea - feeding and digestion in annelidshirudinea involves free living and ectoparasitic leeches leeches are blood suckers the digestive system
polychaetes - feeding and digestion in annelidspolychaetes involve both free moving errant and sedentary species the free moving species are usually
oligochaetes - feeding and digestion in annelidsin between annelids the oligochaetes which comprise mostly earthworms feed on dead decomposing
osmoregulation in animalsosmoregulation associates to the regulation of water and ionic content of the body of non-chordate metazoans these might be
excretion in animalsexcretion is concerned along with the removal of metabolic wastes that arise as a result of oxidation of energy rich compounds
locomotion in echinodermata locomotion in echinoderms is accomplished through a unique canalicular system which is termed as the water-vascular