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in almost all animal groups the mode of speciation is geographic speciation it is essential that a population which is a prospective new species is
sympatric speciation can be regarded as speciation where parent species gives rise to a daughter species without the individuals of a species being
in the previous section we discussed the concept of species in detail and concluded that the concept of biological species and mayrs definition of
the biologicai species concept claims that species consist of natural populations and that species are real and objective they are not man-made
the nominalists deny the existence of platos types for them only individuals exist species are man-made artificial abstractions but naturalists the
the typological species concept was suggested by plato more than 2000 years ago according to this concept the immense variety in nature can be
many definitions of species have been offered but none of them proved to be satisfactory the definitions did not categorically provide the basis to
ernst mayr for whom species and species problem have been the main concern of research points out that speciation the multiplication of species that
in the above sections we discussed in detail the fossil record of primates in general and more particularly those of apes and the humans despite the
subsequently many such fossils were known from france italy and middle east all such fossils exhibited reduced brow ridges steep forehead high
homo sapiens first appeared in the fossil record between 200000 to 300000 years ago the fossils were the swanscomb man from england and steinheim man
tools of lower paieolithic agepleistocene times there were huge herds of very large mammals bones of such large mammals were found associated with
homo erectus first arose about 16 million years ago and is believed to have lived for atleast 600000 years at a time when the transition to homo
two important human fossils that throw much light on the human ancestory were discovered in olduvai beds in africa and in central java respectively
the first ever australopithecine fossil was found in 1924 at taung south africa it was the skull of a 6 year old child showing a mixture of human and
before we further proceed to discuss the fossil history of the humans we shall briefly look into what distinguishes humans or genus homo from his
oreopithecus a late rniocene primate had very close resemblances to those of gibbons although the tooth structure showed that the animal was only a
table provides you the classification of the living primates the primate fossil history dates back to 60 million years ie to paleocene times more
the evolution of human kind can be regarded as the climax of phylogenic history of organisms in the previous units of this block as well as the
natural selection is a process which directs all biological evolution it is a process that directs genetic changes which when proved to be adapted
a general agreerncnt anlong nll the human evolutionists who may have a very radical philosophical hackground and convictions is that man is the
language a powerful tool for communication should have played a very important part in the evolutionary history of human species two relevant
in the last unit we traced the human evolutionary history mostly from a palaeontological viewpoint although still fragmentary the available fossil
evaluating the degree of urinary obstruction dp is a 63-year-old man who has been experiencing progressive difficulty with initiating the
tlie phylum cnidaria or coelenterata includes the faliiiliar hydras jelly fishes sea anemones and corals you have olreacly studied about cnidarialis