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penicillin allergycefazolin is often used for prophylaxis in penicillin-allergic patients but such patients rarely may have allergic reactions to
explain cephalosporinthird-generation cephalosporins like cefotaxime claforan ceftriaxone rocephin cefoperazone cefobid ceftazidime
explain the donnan membrane equilibriumif one of the solutions in a two-phase membrane equilibrium contains certain charged solute species that are
choice of a prophylactic agentan effective prophylactic regimen should be directed against the most likely infecting organisms but need not eradicate
explain the equilibrium dialysisequilibrium dialysis is a useful technique for studying the binding of a small uncharged solute species a ligand to a
explain antimicrobial prophylaxisantimicrobial prophylaxis can decrease the incidence of infection particularly surgical site infection after certain
explain the membrane equilibriaa semipermeable membrane used to separate two liquid phases can in principle be permeable to certain species and
explain antimicrobial susceptibilityall isolates of m tuberculosis should be tested for antimicrobial susceptibility initial therapy for most
define streptomycinstreptomycin causes ototoxicity usually vestibular disturbance and less frequently renal toxicity amikacin and
name some drugs to prvent tuberculosispyrazinamide can cause morbilliform rash arthralgias and asymptomatic hyperuricemia and blocks the hypouricemic
define miscibility in binary liquid systemswhen two different pure liquids are unable to mix in all proportions they are said to be partially
explain the solid-liquid equilibriaa freezing-point curve freezing point as a function of liquid composition and a solubility curve composition of a
explain rifamycins-rifampinrifamycins - rifampin like isoniazid is potentially hepatotoxic and gas- trointestinal disturbances morbilliform rash and
define vapor-pressure lowering and osmotic pressure1 vapor-pressure lowering the decrease in the vapor pressure of a solution containing nonvolatile
isoniazid serum aminotransferase activity increases in 10 to 20 of patients taking isoniazid especially in the early weeks of treatment but often
tb in pregnancytreatment of tb should be initiated in pregnancy when there is moderate to high suspicion of disease because active infection during
define solvent chemical potentials from phase equilibriapreviously explained how we can evaluate the activity coefficient gammamb of a nonelectrolyte
explain rifabutintwo alternative regimens are based on the fact that rifabutin appears to be as effective as rifampin against tb and has less effect
define equilibrium conditions in multicomponent systemsthis chapter applies equilibrium theory to a variety of chemical systems of more than one
options with rifampinstandard 4-drug treatment regimens including rifampin can be given to hiv-infected patients with active tb who are
patients on haartrifamycins induce hepatic cyp3a4 enzymes and can accelerate metabolism of protease inhibitors and some non-nucleoside reverse
patients not on haart for hiv-infected patients requiring tb treatment who are not currently being treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy
hiv-infected patientsbecause tb therapy is complicated by co-infection with hiv testing for hiv infection is recommended for all patients with active
multidrug resistance treatment of mdrtb is based on limited data patients should be referred if possible to clinicians who have experience in
resistance to isoniazid the most common pattern of resistance is isolated resistance to isoniazid which can be treated with rifampin pyrazinamide