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explain echinocandinsit inhibit synthesis of beta 13-d-glucan an essential component of the fungal cell wall the potential for adverse effects in
posaconazole posaconazole sch 56592 an unapproved azole available from the manufacturer for compassionate use isunder review by the fda for oral
explain adverse effects of ketoconazole anorexia nausea and vomiting are common with higher doses gt400 mgday of ketoconazole taking the drug with
explain ketoconazole it is now seldom used the other azoles have fewer adverse effects and are usually preferred ketoconazole remains an option for
define voriconazoleit is metabolized in the liver by cyp2c19 cyp2c9 and cyp3a4 cyp2c19 is genetically variant about 3 to 5 of caucasians and
define composition of individual phase in phase diagram - one phasethe way in which we interpret a two-dimensional phase diagram to obtain the
adverse effects of voriconzoletransient visual disturbances including blurred vision photophobia and altered perception of color or image are common
explain the generalitiesa binary system has two components c equals 2 and the number of degrees of freedom is f 4 - p there must be at least one
explain voriconazoleit has a spectrum of activity similar to itraconazole but appears to be more active against aspergillus spp and some species
define equilibrium between two solid phases and a gas phaseconsider the following reaction equilibrium3 cuos 2nh3 g harr 3 cus 3h2o g n2
explain the absorption of itraconazole capsulesit is decreased with concurrent use of drugs that reduce gastric acidity such as antacids h2-receptor
adverse effects the most common adverse effects of itraconazole are dose-related nausea and abdominal discomfort rash and serious hepatic toxicity
define itraconazoleitraconazole is fda-approved for treatment of blastomycosis histoplasmosis non-meningeal and aspergillosis in patients who are
explain itraconazoleit has a broader spectrum of activity than fluconazole it is active against a wide variety of fungi including cryptococcus
define fluconazole it is a weaker inhibitor of cyp3a4 than itraconazole or ketoconazole but may still increase serum concentrations of drugs
explain adverse effects fluconazole is generally well tolerated gastrointestinal distress and rash can happen stevens-johnson syndrome anaphylaxis
fluconazolefluconazole is active against most candida species other than c krusei which is intrinsically resistant and many strains of c glabrata
azolessystemic azole antifungals currently available in the us contain fluconazole diflucan and others itraconazole sporanox voriconazole vfend and
explain lipid formulationsthree lipid formulations of amphotericin b are marketed in the us amphotericin b lipid complex ablc abelcet liposomal
explain nephrotoxicitynephrotoxicity is the major dose-limiting toxicity of amphotericin b deoxycholate sodium loading with normal saline may
fungal infectionsintravenous infusion of amphotericin b deoxycholate frequently causes fever and chills and sometimes headache nausea vomiting
conventional amphotericin amphotericin b deoxycholate fungizone and others the old non-lipid formulation of amphotericin is by far the least
polyenes amphotericin bamphotericin b products are the only polyenes currently available for systemic treatment of fungal infections nystatin
use of repellentsavoidance and early removal of ticks are the first steps in prevention of lyme disease in highly endemic areas when an engorged
explain post-lyme disease syndrome some treated patients whose objective manifestations of lyme disease have resolved with antibiotic treatment