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interest rate derivativesindias first trading on interest rate derivatives began in the national stock exchange of india nse in june 2003 with
trading mechanism of futureflow of the orderany person who wants to trade in futures has to contact a futures commission merchant fcm or a broker
floor brokersthese people have the responsibility of executing the trades forwarded by the fcms on the floor of the exchange they can also trade for
forward contractsthe origin of forward contracts is lost in history some authors suggest that it was india where these contracts took birth while
functions of derivatives marketto reduce risk or eliminate risks some ways and methods are there risk in the capital market can be reduced by
the rise of derivative market in the 1980s the process of liberalization and deregulation of the financial markets gained momentum when the british
swap-linked notesinterest rate swaps are derivative products which help in transforming the cash flows of existing debt issues these are not only
advantages of floating rate noteswe know that the coupon rate is fixed for fixed rate bonds and that throughout its tenure the investor receives
types of frnsin an era of innovations while changing needs and preferences of the investors trigger introduction of newer frns the borrowers funding
reference indexevery frn chooses its own reference index upon which the calculation of each successive new coupon is based the most commonly used
floating rate notes frnswhen interest rates are high and the general outlook is either stable or indicating the possibility of a downward trend in
option-adjusted spread oasthe prime objective of an investor is to buy securities which have values greater than their market prices the discussion
we have seen the valuation of bonds with embedded option using binomial model this method can be used when cash flows do not depend on
components of a callable bonda callable bond can be thought of as the sale of a call option by the investor to the issuer as it allows the issuer to
the zero-volatility spread is a measure of the spread that the investor would realize over the entire treasury spot rate curve if a
convertible bonds can be classified into different types such as callable bonds and puttable bonds these bonds are discussed as followsbasics of
after the calculation of cash flow yield and the average life of the asset-backed and mortgage-backed security based on
bonds potential returns are calculated using measures like yield to maturity ytm and cash flow yield both these measures are
break even periodit is also important to compare the returns from the equity stock and the bond to determine the profitability of both investments
a cash-flow yield is the discount rate that makes the price of a mortgage-backed or asset-backed security equal to the
value of conversion benefitshaving seen the measure used to analyze the convertible bonds let us now examine the merits and demerits of convertible
basics of convertible bondsthe provision of conversion in a corporate bond entitles the bondholder the right to convert the bond into a predetermined
types of warrantsthe warrants can be classified into different types they aredetachable warrants these warrants are issued with most debentures like
advantages to the investorsthe warrant acts as a sweetener and ensures a better subscription to the ncds especially for companies with good track
let us consider three scenarios of changes in stock prices and look into the risk return profile of the convertible security let us