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the network interface layerthe functions of the data link layer and the physical layer of the osi model have been
the internet layerthe internet layer is responsible for routing the data packets to the appropriate destination internet
the transport layercommunication between computers is handled by the transport layer which is comprised of transmission control
the application layerthis layer enables users to access the network by providing a few services to the user some of the
application layerthe application layer provides an interface between application entities and the users computer this layer
intrinsic functionshpf introduces some new intrinsic functions in addition to those defined in f90 the two most regularly used in parallel
independent loopshpf gives additional opportunities for parallel implementation by using the independent directive to assert that the iterations of a
the forall statementthe forall statement allows for more common assignments to sections of an array a forall statement has the general
processor arrangementsit is a very frequent event in data parallel programming to group a number of processors to perform definite tasks to reach
programming based on data parallelismin a data parallel programming model the focus is on data distribution every processor works with a portion of
programming based on message passingas we know the programming model based on message passing uses high level programming languages like cc along
types of parallel programmingthere are several parallel programming models in common use some of these are message passing data parallel programming
objectivesafter reading this unit you should be able to describe the basics of parallel programming explain the parallel programming based on message
introduction to parallel programmingafter getting an enormous breakthrough in the serial programming and figuring out its limitations academicians
arrays pointersan array is a set of the same type of data arrays are very well-liked data structures in parallel programming due to their easiness of
to execute any algorithm selection of a proper data structure is very crucial a particular operation may be executed with a data structure in a
single program multiple datea common style of writing data parallel programs for mimd computers is spmd single program multiple data all the
data parallel programmingin the data parallel programming model main focus is on performing simultaneous operations on a data set the data set is
dynamic process groupsto generate and manage dynamic groups a separate library libgpvm3a must be connected with the user programs that make use of
packing and unpacking data pvmpacks - pack the active message buffer with arrays of prescribed data typeint info pvmpackf const char fmt int
encoding data optionspvm uses suns xdr library to generate a machine independent data format if you request it settings for the encoding option
message passingthe pvm communication model gives asynchronous blocking receive asynchronous blocking send and nonblocking receive functions in our
dynamic configuration int pvmaddhosts char hosts int nhost int infos add hosts to the virtual machine hosts is an array of strings naming the hosts
process management int pvmmytid void returns the tid of the calling process tid values less than zero indicate an fault int pvmexit void tells
in this part we shall give a short description of the routines in the pvm 3 user library each pvm program should include the pvm header file pvm3h in