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the alu or the arithmetic and logic unit is the part of the processor that is occupied with executing operations of an arithmetic or logical nature.
as there are many variations in architecture between the different kinds of cpu we shall begin my looking at an easy model of the structure.
cpu structure this section with a simplified model of a central processing unit as an instance takes you through the role of each of the major
the microprocessor is at times referred to as the 3939brain3939 of the personal computer and is responsible for the processing of the instructions
a set of process is in a deadlock state if each process in the group is waiting for an event that can be caused by only another process in the set.
description a semaphore is a confined variable whose value can be accessed and changed only by the operations p and v and initialization
proposal a disabling interrupts hardware solution every process disables all interrupts just after entering in its critical section and
the key to preventing problem involving shared storage is get some way to prohibit more than one process from reading and writing the shared
in view of the fact that processes frequently need to communicate with other processes therefore there is require for a well-structured interaction
a multilevel queue scheduling algorithm divides the ready queue in several separate queues for example in a multilevel queue scheduling
multilevel feedback queue-scheduling algorithm enables a process to move among queues. it uses a number of ready queues and acquaintances a
priority scheduling the fundamental idea is straightforward each process is assigned a priority and priority is permitted to run.
the srt is the preemptive complement of sjf and helpful in time-sharing environment. in srt scheduling the process with the least estimated
it is also known as shortest-process-next spn. shortest-job-first sjf is a non-preemptive order in which waiting job or process with the
round robin rr is one of the simplest oldest fairest and most extensively used algorithms. in the round robin scheduling processes are posted in
fcfs algorithm also known as first-in-first-out fifo run-until-done run-to-completion possibly first-come-first-served
the scheduling algorithms can be divided into two parts with respect to how they deal with clock interrupts. 1 nonpreemptive
definition of cpu scheduling the assignment of physical processors to processes allows processors to complete work. the process of determining
advantages- sharing treads permit the sharing of a lot resources that cannot be shared in process for instance sharing code section data
in this technique the kernel knows about and handles the threads. no runtime system is required in this case. in place of thread table in each
user-level threads apply in user-level libraries before via systems calls so thread switching does not require to call operating system and to cause
following are some causes why we use threads in designing operating systems. a process with several threads makes a great server for instance
in many respect threads operate in the similar way as that of processes. a number of the similarity and differences
regardless of of the fact that a thread must execute in process the process and its associated threads are different notion. processes are used to