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fire and cookery fire and cookery where and when fiie came to be used is not known fire to start with must have been a frightening thing
food gathering and hunting food gathering and hunting in order to live man needed to eat and to protect himself from the weather and animals
science in the ancient worldwe have explained why we should study the history of science and what we mean by the history of science we have seen
science as a human endeavourscience is a human endeavour human beings from prehistoric times attempted to control nature for their own welfare for
meaning of statistical investigationan investigation means a systematic search for the knowledge or the truth in statistical investigation the search
transmission electron microscopy around 1931-32 two german scientists knoll and ruska invented transmission electron microscopy and built the first
phase different interference contrast microscopyliving cells are mostly transparent for viewing under ordinary light microscope therefore
light microscopy microscopy started with light microscopes using visible light to illuminate the objects the most used and familiar microscope is
cell theorythe term cell was first used by an english cytologist robert hooke 1665 not for unit protoplasmic masses but for the well defined and
what is a cellthe body of every living being is made up a living matter or bio matter in the organisms these matters occur only in the form of minute
waterwater usually forms about 50 to90 part of living protoplasm life upon earth originated in the ocean and the conditions of that aqueous primeval
nucleic acidsfriedrich miescher 1868 discovered the presence of these compound in protoplasm but altman 1889 introduced the term nucleic
lipidslipids are oily or greasy organic compound forming about 3 of protoplasm these are also compound of carbon hydrogen and oxygen but unlike
carbohydratesthese form about 1part of protoplasm they are comparatively simpler compounds of carbon hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 121 the ratio
protoplasmic theorythe living matter which forms the bodies of all living being is a special type of highly organized jelly like viscous semi fluid
causes of cancerscientists have identified the cellular genes that code for those proteins which jointly control and regulate cell growth and
what is cancerbesides aids cancer is another deadly human disease of our times about which people are panicky all over the world it is estimated that
clinical symptoms of hivgenerally a person infected with hiv does not show any apparent symptoms for a number 3 to 12 of years ten to fifteen percent
important modern viral diseasesby extensive use of vaccination and chemotherapy certain serious viral diseases of the past like smallpox have
nature defences against viral infections1 interferons - in 1957 issue and lindenmann discovered that vertebrate cells infected
pathogenesis of virusesviral diseasesan indicated before viruses cause a number of infectious human diseases from minor ailments like common cold to
how viruses multiplyobligatory parasitism - outside cells viruses are nonliving inactive particles but after entering into live cells these
viriods and prionsviroids in 1971 todiener reported that the spinde tuber disease of potato causing gnarling and cracking
classification of virusesno evolutionary or phylogenetic exist between viruses a nature system of classification cannot therefore be devised
nature and distribution of virusesalthough several infectious diseases of animals and plants had been found to be caused by viruses during early 20th