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circulation in animalcirculation is served by a fluid as blood lymph that circulates through the body in a regular manner receiving
acrodynamicsdivision of air in lungs measured by spirometer1 tidal air ta quantity of air taken in or given out in a breath 500 cc2 inspiratory
thoracic cavity -thoracic cavity is air tight on dorsal side vertebral column presenton ventral side sternum present on lateral side 12 pairs ribs
alveoli -sac like structure unit of lungs increase surface area exchange of gases occur in itrich in blood capillaries aloeoli join by pore of kuhn
trachea -it is a thin walled tube situated on ventral side commonly known as wind pipesupported by c-shaped cartilagenous rings incomplete dorsally
nasal chamber -external nares are 2 in number ie dirhynous situated at lower side of nose open into nasal chambernasal chamber opens into pharynx by
respiration in insect cockroach -respiration is direct so metabolic rate is highthis system is related to each cell of the body so respiratory
some common reflexes related to respiration -1 cough reflex due to stimulation in trachea before it 25 lit air is
respiratory pigments -resp pig is generally hb fe is attached to globine by chellate bondin earthworm erythroqruorine presenthaemocyanine cu
respiratory organs in animals -in protozoa plasmalemma functions as respiratory surfacein porifera respiration occur through body wallin coelentrata
respirationrobert boyel and robert hook first of all explained the meaning of respirationmain aim of respiration is to liberate energy in the form of
disorder related to nutrition and digestive systemmalnutritionmalnutrition is improper intake of food malnutrion covers both undernutrition and
egestionto give out undigested food from alimentary canalfaeces can remain in colon for 36 hrs then moving into rectum by gastro-colic reflexfaeces
absorption of food absorption from mouthhere negligible tobacco alkohal and some medicines as isoprenailne glycerol tri nitrite is absorbedabsorption
large intestine -more wider arranged around small intestine in the form of it is 15 m long villi amp microvilli absentit shows 3 parts ceacum colon
small intestine -a narrow tube 6 m long in rabbit 4 m longdifferentiated into duodenum jejunum amp ileumi duodenum -25 cm long c-shaped u-shaped in
stomachit is wide j-shaped placed obliquely on left side in upper abdominal cavity so left kidney is slightly down wardit is 30 cm long and 15 cm
oesophagus -gullet opens in oesophagus first organ of alimentary canalafter piercing diaphragm it form stomach in abdominal cavityno digestion in it
pharynx -commom system between digestive system and respiratory systemin it gullet and glottis presentgullet leads to oesophagus glottis lead to
buccal cavity -situated between upper amp lower jaw it is lined by stratified squamous epitheliumseparated from nasal chamber by palate palate forms
mouth -it is as transverse slit it is pseudo type ie not open directly into alimentary canalmouth is covered by upper amp lower movable lips movement
digestive system of mammalsthe tube from mouth up to anus is called alimentary canalalimentary canal of man is about 9 meter and rabbit is about
the calorie value -the amount of heat liberated from complete combusion of 1gm food in a bomb caloriemeter a closed metal chamber filled with o is
foodfood consists of h o minerals vitamins carbohydrate lipid amp proteina person needs 1600 cal per day this is bmr basal metabolic rateneeded 2500
different feeding habitsfeeding habits of animals depend on the nature of the food consumedherbivorous when plants are eaten examples - horse cow