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divisions of meiosismeiosis is characterized by two nuclear divisions meiosis i and meiosis iibullthe first division is a reduction divisionbullthe
meiosis is the special type of cell division in which the numbers of chromosomes in daughter cell are reduced to half as compared to parent
bullcancer cells do not respond normally to the bodys control mechanismothey divide excessively and invade other tissuesoif left unchecked they can
bullcyclins accumulate during the g1 s and g2 phases of the cell cycle bullby the g2 checkpoint the red bar in the figure enough cyclin is available
rhythmic fluctuations in the abundance and activity of cell-cycle control molecules pace the events of the cell cycle bullkinase - a protein which
the cell cycle is controlled by a cyclically operating set of reaction sequences that both trigger and coordinate key events in the cell cyclebullthe
equal distribution of hereditary materialin mitosis the heredity material is equally distributed in the daughter cell2no change in genetic
cytokinesis in an animal cellsplitting of the cell is called cytokinesis which starts at telophase in animal cells microtubules form a furrow in a
the movement of the chromosome is called anaphase a and the extension of the poles is termed anaphase bthe mechanism of these movements are
metaphase chromosomes each metaphase chromosomes is a duplicated structure which consists of two sister chromatids attached at a point called
phases of karyokinesiskaryokinesis can further be divided into prophase metaphase anaphase and telophase1-prophase pro beforechromatin during
at the beginning of the process in an animal cell the partition of the centriole takes place which has been duplicated during interphase but were in
apparently the untwisting unzipping rezipping and retwisting occur sequentially and ensure that each newly formed double helix is exactly like other
the cell cycle undergoes a sequence of changes which involve a period of growth replication of dna followed by cell division this sequence of
homologous seriesa homologous series can be illustrated as a group of compounds in which the several members have similar structural features and
bile pigments exist in both the animal and plant kingdoms and are building by breakdown of the cyclic tetrapyrrole structure of heme in the animals
in animals some of bacteria and fungi and the first step in tetrapyrrole synthesis is the condensation of the amino acid glycine with succinyl
a haem british english or heme american english is a prosthetic group which having of an iron ion contained in the middle of a huge heterocyclic
there is no store for nitrogen-having compounds as there is for carbohydrate glycogen or lipids triacylglycerol thus nitrogen ingested in
the urea cycle which is also known as the ornithine cycle is a cycle of biochemical reactions occurring in several animals which produces urea nh22co
microorganisms and plants can synthesize all of the 20 standard amino acids mammals furthermore cannot synthesize all 20 and must obtain some of them
all tissues have some capability for synthesis of the non-essential amino acid remodeling amino acids and conversion of non-amino acid carbon
glutamine synthetase catalyzes the incorporation of ammonia into glutamine and deriving energy from the hydrolysis of atp this enzyme is named a
the next step in the nitrogen cycle is the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen in the type of ammonia into organic nitrogen-having compounds total
the nitrogenase complex is extremely sensitive to inactivation by o2 so the enzyme must be