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what is the difference between the alpha helix and the beta-sheet protein conformationsans alpha helix and beta-sheet conformations are the two major
the secondary protein structure is produced by the manner its amino acids interact by intermolecular bond these interactions make a spatial
what is the primary structure of a protein what is the importance of the primary structureans the primary protein structure is the linear sequence of
in the eukaryote cell nucleus rna can be found dispersed in the nuclear fluid along with dna and as the major constituent of the nucleolus in cytosol
which type of chemical bond maintains the pairing of each chain in the dna moleculeans to form the dna molecule purine bases bind to pyrimidine bases
pentoses are carbohydrates form of five carbons deoxyribose is the pentose that constitutes dna nucleotides and ribose is the pentose that is part of
zymogens or proenzymes are enzymes secreted in inactive form under certain conditions a zymogen shifts to the active form of the enzyme zymogen
allosteric enzymes are those that have more activation center and to which other substances known as allosteric regulators bindallosteric regulators
penicillin discovered by the scottish doctor alexander fleming in 1928 is a drug that inhibits enzymes essential for the synthesis of peptidoglycans
many vitamins are enzyme cofactors that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be attained from the
during the life cycle of most animals some diploid cells undergo meiosis and haploid form in a process called gametogenesisspermatogenesisin the
differences between mitosis and meiosis events mitosis meiosis occurrence in all the body cells including germ
meiosis becomes significant for the following reasonsconstant number of chromosomesit brings about a reduction in the chromosome number from a
a cleavage furrow appears in the middle of the cell deepens gradually and divides the cell into twothus at the end of second meiotic division four
there is no interphase preceding second meiotic divisionthere is a brief intervening period called interkinesisduring this period there may be
simultaneously with the formation of two daughter nuclei a cleavage furrow appears in the middle of the cell the furrows gradually deepen and divide
- the chromosomes at each pole uncoil and elongate to form the chromatin- a nucleolus reappears at each pole - spindle fibers and asters disappear
- nuclear membrane disorganize at the beginning of this phase- spindle fibers originate and the kinetochore fibers attach to the kinetochore of
diplotenethe paired chromosomes repel each other and begin to separateseparation however is not completed because homologous chromosomes remain
leptontenethe chromosomes becomes visible shorten and thickthe size of the nucleus increasethe homologous chromosomes start getting closer to each
1this is very prolonged phase and differs from the prophase of mitosis because in this chromosomes behave as homologous pairs2each diploid cell has
it is the preparatory phase cell organelle replicate and size of the cell increases dna molecule undergoes replication each chromosome exists as a
regulation of enzymatic action equations for competitive non-competitive uncompetitive inhibition and mixed
chiasmata formation takes place where crossing over occurs here chromatid segments are exchanged which contributes to genetic variability the 46
the process of meiosis in animals is called gametogenesis it takes place in the testis in male and ovary in femalegametogenesis is divided into