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q can you define regulation of coronary blood flowduring diastole when the aortic valve av is closed aortic diastolic pressure is transmitted through
q can you explain relation between coronary artery and myocardial supplyansthere is a well-established relation between a given epicardial coronary
the epicardial coronary artery system consists of the left and right coronary arteries which normally arise from ostia located in the left and right
q define thrombospondin polymorphismsthrombospondin polymorphisms may present an initial insight into our understanding of the genetic contribution
q association of fibrinogen with cardiovascular risk factorsansfibrinogen a large glycoprotein made mostly in the liver is a clotting factor that
possible mechanisms of increased risk are that hyperhomocystinemia may impair release of nitric oxide form endothelial cells stimulate proferation of
q define the risk reduction in cardiovascular diseaseansweight loss by caloric restriction diets has been shown to decrease plasma crp levels
crp is a marker of systemic inflammation as the role of inflammation in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis becomes better understood
q will sedantary lifestyle increased risk for cada sedantary life style is associated with increased risk for cad sedentary persons have almost
q can obesity causes the cardiovascular diseaseobesity is established as a leading predictor of cad and is associated with several cardiovascular
q can pathophysiology causes cardiovascular diseasecigarette use activates platelets increases circulating fibrinogen increases heart rate and
q find out risk factors for coronary disease1 tobaccosmoking the single most preventable cause of death is a leading risk factor for cad
the presence of advanced plaques of types iv and va allows clinical symptoms to develop atherosclerosis is a biphasic disease in the first stage
q describe the basic mechanisms in plaque formationin experimental models and human disease the first morphologic phenomenon observed in plaque
q describe the process of coronary atherosclerosisatherosclerosis is an intimal disease of arteries ranging in size from the aorta to the epicardial
q explain atherosclerosisatherosclerosis is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in developed as well as in developing
q doppler evaluation for constrictive pericarditis2d echocardiography and doppler evaluation can provide valuable clues to the presence of
q define characteristic of doppler echocardiographicansdoppler findings of cardiac tarnponade are based on the following characteristic respiratory
q what is pericardial effusiona pericardial effusion is viewed as an echo free space surrounding the heart most commonly seen posteriorly
q use of echocardiography in pericardial diseasesone of the earliest clinical applications of echocardiography was in the detection of pericardial
q define direct visualisation of coronary arteriesanscoronary arteries cad be directly visualized using two-dimensional echocardiography especially
q assessment of diastdlic functionmyocardial ischemia clters diastolic function of left ventricle the earliest abnormality to appear with prolonged
q define eye ballinganstwo-dimensional echocardiography provides a good visual perception of cardiac functions with experience the echocardiologist
q what is regional wall motion abnormalityansa critical occlusion of a coronary artery leads to myocardial ischemia which is manifested as regional
q what is echocardiographyansechocardiography has become an established and powerful tool for diagnosing presence of cad and defining its consequence