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q evaluating inducible ischaemia after revascularisationmost early treadmill stress tests are performed either at discharge or within two weeks of an
risk assessment of biological hazardsbiological hazards of concern to public health include pathogenic strains of bacteria viruses helminths protozoa
exposure assessmentestimates of dietary intakes of food additives residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs and contaminants require
q explain process of stress testing in womenestrogen has been implicated as a cause of st depression for years it seemed that estrogen protect women
non-threshold approachesfor genetic carcinogenes the noel-safety factor approach is generally not considered a suitable
qexplain about stress testing in womendata on mortality in men is about 25 times that of women at younger ages however cad in men exceeds that found
q describe false negaive testswhen patients are found to have significant coronary narrowing and fail to have exercise induced st depression they
dose-scaling toxicological equivalent doses in animals and humans are a debatable issue the joint faoiwho expert committee on food additives jecfa
q explain false positive testsas st depression has been equated with cad patients with this finding who have less than a critical coronary narrowing
q silent myocardial ischaemiaansthis deals primarily with those who have never had symptoms recognized as being of cardiac origin others who have had
dose-response extrapolationin order to be compared to human exposure levels the animal data need to be extrapolated to doses much lower than those
q corelation of st depressoin with coronary angiographyvarious investigators considered 1 mm of horizontal or downsloping st depression to denote a
structure-activity relationshipsstructure-activity relationships may be useful to increase the weight-of-evidence or human health hazards
q define myocardial infraction and stress testingprediction of disease is one of the primary functions of stress testing we would like to be able to
in-vitro studiesmechanistic data might be supplemented by data from in-vitro studies like as information on genotoxicity
q explain third degree atrioventricular blockin older patients with known or suspected cad third degree heart block at rest should be a relative
animal studiesmost toxicological data for risk assessment are derived from the animal studies and it is therefore essential that these
q rate related bundle branch blockthe term has often implied the absence of significant coronary or myocardial pathology it cannot be judged without
epidemiological studiesthe use of available data from the positive epidemiological studies in the risk assessment is encouraged data
q what do you mean by congenital long qt syndromethere is a rare group of young patients who suddenly pass out due to a spontaneous ventricular
q define left posterior hemiblockbobbna and associated reported four cases in which they proposed that the left posterior hemi block was initiated
hazard identificationwe start the process of risk assessment by first identifying the hazard the goal of hazard identification is to
q what is av block first degree av block at rest commonly disappears with exercise owing to the vagal withdrawal the development of a prolonged pq
what is the goal of risk assessmentthe goal of risk assessment is to provide risk managers who might be for example government
q what do ypu know about conduction disturabancesduring exercise there is an increase in the sympathetic drive and a withdrawal of vagal tone