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q illustrate mitral valve orifice areathe normal mitral valve orifice in an adult is 4-5cm2 when the valve is completely open in diastole when the
q explain hydraulic formulathis relates to pressure gradient and velocity of flowv2 cv2 2gh or v cv 2ghwherein v velocity of flow cv
q derive gorlin formulaformula i first hydraulic formula toricellis lawf avccwhere f flow ratea orifice areacc coefficient of orifice
q what is stenotic and regurgitant lesionsthe normal cardiac valves offer little resistance to blood flow even when flow velocity is high when
q illustrate stentsstents are metallic scaffolds that are deployed within a diseased segment of a coronary artery to establish and then maintain a
q explain the process of angioplastyinflation of stenotic segment causes stretching of the vessel fracture of the intimal plaque partial disruption
q illustrate about components of an angioplasty system1 guiding catheter the ideal guiding catheter must have a lumen diameter ie at least twice that
q can you explain coronary angioplastythe concept of coronary angioplasty - enlargement of the lumen of a stenotic vessel by a catheter technique was
q grading of stenosis and grading of coronary artery diseasemultiple views are necessary to quantify coronary stenosis accurately further there
q explain right and left dominant circulationright dominant circulation in 85 per cent of patients the right coronary artery goes on to form the av
q explain brachial or radial approach this technique involves performing the coronary angiogram through the right brachial artery in the right
q describe the procedure of femoral approachthe catheter is inserted into the femoral sheath and advanced to the level of the left mainstem bronchus
q explain femoral approachthis approach involves the insertion of a catheter over a guidewire ie inserted into a sheath in the right femoral artery
q can you explain about diagnostic coronary angiographydiagnostic coronary angiography has become one of the primary components of cardiac
q describe shuntsdetection localization and quantification of intracardiac shunts are one of the most important exercises in cardiac catheterization
q describe ventricular and great vessel pressuresventricular pressurerv and lv waveforms are similar in morphology but different in magnitude the
q explain pulmonary capillary wedge pressurethe pcw waveform is similar to la pressure waveform except that it is damped and delayed due to
q explain atrial pressurethe ra pressure wave form has three positive deflections - a c and v waves the a wave is due to atrial systole and follows
q angiographic findings and interpretationpulmonary angiography is useful in the following clinical scenarios1 pulmonary artery stenosis2 pulmonary
principles of haccpa determine the critical control points ccpsb establish critical limitsc establish a system to
q technical requirements for pulmonary angiographydigital subtraction pulmonary angiography with selective pulmonary arterial injections is vastly
q define pulmonary angiographypulmonary angiography is the angiographic opacification of the main and pulmonary artery and its branches by
q can you explain abdominal aortographythe abdominal aorta starts at the level of diaphragm t12 here too prior to performing an abdominal aortogram a
q can you explain about thoracic aortographyaortic arch angiography has been used to assess aortic valve or aortic root disease thoracic aortography
q what do you know about vascular access femoral and brachial arteries are still the commonest routes of access for aortographythoracic aortaa sound