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q give choice of catheters for ventriculography1 pigtail catheter this catheter developed by judkins has end hole and side holes the end hole
q can you explain about ventriculographycardiac ventriculography is a diagnostic test ie used to define the anatomy and function of the ventricles
what is haccphaccp as you may already know is an acronym that stands for hazard analysis critical control point a systematic
qdefine cardiac catheterization and angiographythe purpose of this unit is to give you an overview and insight into the world of cardiac
q what is st segment depression at restst- segment depression has become severe that is 3 to 4mm or more in vigorous asymptomatic subjects if the
q what is multi-gated equilibrium radionuclide angiographymulti-gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography muga is a very accurate method in
q limitations in the diagnostic use of stress echocardiographyalthough the presence of coronary artery disease is readily recognised in the setting
q define accuracy of stress echocardiographythe accuracy of stress echo tests for the detection of coronary artery disease is expressed as the
q what is interpretation of stress echocardiographythe standard approach to interpretation is qualitative the attendant need for training and
q imaging techniques to test stressa screening exam with m-mode and limited doppler should be performed at the start of the test but a detailed echo
q what are primary indications for pharmacologic stressthe primary indications for pharmacologic stress are inability to exercise or the desire to
protection of human health should be the primary consideration in risk management decisionsdecisions on acceptable levels
q define stress echocardiography with adenosinethese have all been described the information is that of wall motion abnormality indicating ischaemia
q what si adenosine or dipyridamole thallium scanthese studies are newer modalities that allow studying perfusion abnormalities to the myocardium
q what is technetium 99m sestamibi scanthis study is another form of studying perfusion of the heart this radioactive study is similar to that of
monitoring of risk managementassessment of effectiveness of measures taken and review risk management andor assessment as
q illustrate thallium scintigraphyit is often done with spect single photon emission computed tomography which further increases the sensitivity
q find the modalities in stress testingin addition to electrocardiographic stress testing there are various newer modalities that can be very useful
risk management option assessmentidentification of available management optionsselection of preferred management option including consideration of an
q determine st-segment elevationansexercise induced st-segment elevation is common in subjects with post mi stress tests in leads where q-waves are
explain risk evaluationrisk evaluation the risk evaluation involvesa identification of a food safety problemb establishment of a risk
q what do you know by hemodynamic responsesreduced exercise capacity roughly reflects impaired lv function and may contribute its prognostic value to
q describe induced ventricular arrhythmiasthe prognostic significance of ventricular ectopy provoked by stress testing after an mi is controversial
q describe st segment depressionthe development of st-segment depression with exercise is probably the most reliable sign if myocardial ischaemia
define risk managementrisk management is defined for the purposes of the codex alimentations commission as the process distinct from risk