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q what are primary indications for pharmacologic stressthe primary indications for pharmacologic stress are inability to exercise or the desire to
protection of human health should be the primary consideration in risk management decisionsdecisions on acceptable levels
q define stress echocardiography with adenosinethese have all been described the information is that of wall motion abnormality indicating ischaemia
q what si adenosine or dipyridamole thallium scanthese studies are newer modalities that allow studying perfusion abnormalities to the myocardium
q what is technetium 99m sestamibi scanthis study is another form of studying perfusion of the heart this radioactive study is similar to that of
monitoring of risk managementassessment of effectiveness of measures taken and review risk management andor assessment as
q illustrate thallium scintigraphyit is often done with spect single photon emission computed tomography which further increases the sensitivity
q find the modalities in stress testingin addition to electrocardiographic stress testing there are various newer modalities that can be very useful
risk management option assessmentidentification of available management optionsselection of preferred management option including consideration of an
q determine st-segment elevationansexercise induced st-segment elevation is common in subjects with post mi stress tests in leads where q-waves are
explain risk evaluationrisk evaluation the risk evaluation involvesa identification of a food safety problemb establishment of a risk
q what do you know by hemodynamic responsesreduced exercise capacity roughly reflects impaired lv function and may contribute its prognostic value to
q describe induced ventricular arrhythmiasthe prognostic significance of ventricular ectopy provoked by stress testing after an mi is controversial
q describe st segment depressionthe development of st-segment depression with exercise is probably the most reliable sign if myocardial ischaemia
define risk managementrisk management is defined for the purposes of the codex alimentations commission as the process distinct from risk
q evaluating inducible ischaemia after revascularisationmost early treadmill stress tests are performed either at discharge or within two weeks of an
risk assessment of biological hazardsbiological hazards of concern to public health include pathogenic strains of bacteria viruses helminths protozoa
exposure assessmentestimates of dietary intakes of food additives residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs and contaminants require
q explain process of stress testing in womenestrogen has been implicated as a cause of st depression for years it seemed that estrogen protect women
non-threshold approachesfor genetic carcinogenes the noel-safety factor approach is generally not considered a suitable
qexplain about stress testing in womendata on mortality in men is about 25 times that of women at younger ages however cad in men exceeds that found
q describe false negaive testswhen patients are found to have significant coronary narrowing and fail to have exercise induced st depression they
dose-scaling toxicological equivalent doses in animals and humans are a debatable issue the joint faoiwho expert committee on food additives jecfa
q explain false positive testsas st depression has been equated with cad patients with this finding who have less than a critical coronary narrowing
q silent myocardial ischaemiaansthis deals primarily with those who have never had symptoms recognized as being of cardiac origin others who have had