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carbomedics valve almost similar to stjude medical valve his is a low profile bileaflet valve made of pyrolitic carbon on echo cardiography four
medtronic-hall valve this is a low profile central tilting disc valve the disc is made of pyrolitic carbon and housing is single piece of
the course and ultimate prognosis of arf is usually directly related to the severity of carditis the course and prognosis also depends upon
st jude medical valve sjm this is a low profile bi-leaflet valve which was introduced in 1977 the leaflets and the housing are made of pyrolitic
rash diseases such as lyme disease and sle which present with rash may be mistaken for arf lyme disease presents with characteristic rash and
starr-edward s-e silastic ball valve prosthesis this was introduced in 1961 by albert stm and has different models for mitral and aortic positions
valvular heart diseases congenital and acquired valvular heart diseases often require surgical intervention 1 is well known that conservative
polyarthritis 1 gonococcal - therapeutic trial of pencillin may help in diagnosis of gonococcal infection 2 viral infections such
concomitant caroid endarterectomy and cabg symptoimatic or asymptomatic carotid artery disease may be present in patients undergoing cabg it is
endomyocardial biopsy helps in understanding that carditis can cause ccf in patients with rheumatic heart disease but frequency of diagnostic
x-ray chest it is helpful in assessing heart size one should look for presence of pericarditis pulmonary oedema or pulmonary congestionecg one should
in about 80 per cent of arf patients aso titre is significantly raised aso titres vary with age geographical area and other fevers which influence
esr and crp are elevated in almost all patients of arthritis and carditis and rarely in patients with chorea esr should be repeated periodically as
one may find leucocytosis with predominant polymorphonuclear cellular response in patients of arf in presence of acute some throatthroat culturewhen
minor criteriathese are arthralgia fever prolonged pr interval raised esr and c-reactive protein levels in some cases abdominal pain and epistaxis
this is a rare manifestation seen in less than 5 per cent of arf patients it is erythematous macular evanescent non-pruritic rash with pale centre
these are found in about 3-6 per cent of cases of arf these nodules are typically subcutaneous firm painless freely movable 05-2 cm size and their
it is found in around 20 per cent cases of arf and it is a late manifestation occurring even 3 months after gas pharyngeal infection chorea is
it is the most common occurring in 75 per cent cases of arf manifestation of arf it involves large joints it is typically fleeting in character
the american heart association aha has recommended the revised jones criteria as a guide for arf diagnosis the same have been approved by who study
even though association between gas pharyngitis and the arf is fairly well established the exact pathogenic mechanisms are not clearly understood
m protein of rheumatogenic gas has distinct structural characteristics that are akin to human heart tissue particularly sarcolemmal membrane proteins
the epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever arf is closely connected with that of group-a beta haemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis both have a maximum
rheumatic fever is an immunologically mediated connective tissue disorder following throat infection with group-a streptococci gas it is
surgery for coronary artery disease stenotic coronary artery disease cad is caused by the thickening and narrowing of the coronary arteries